If you add together Pagans, Druids, Wiccans and
nature religions you get over 31,000 under the Pagan umbrella.
When you consider that this is higher than any of Baha'i, Jains, Quakers,
Sikhs or Taoists (added together these only make about 45,000)and is nearing
half of Judaism (88,834)which is considered one off the big three - then we
really should have a higher profile and more legitimate recognition in the
wider community.
Some of us within the Pagan community are actively working towards getting
that recognition within the wider faith communities - it's a slow and
sometimes extremely frustrating process, but progress is being made.
Contrary to some popular and misguided belief, Pagans ARE NOT Satanists. To be a Satanist one must be a Christian because Satan is the Christian god of Evil. Pagans DO worship more than one god (and goddess) but, they are not evil. Evil is a human concept. There is nothing evil in Nature. Truly, Nature can often be harsh, cruel, and unforgiving, but it is not evil.
Pagan Gods and Goddesses represent the duality of being: masculinity and femininity. For example, females are typically the life givers, the nurturers. They give birth and care for the young. Males are the life force and the takers of life. But, females are also fierce protectors of what is in their charge. Mother Earth and Grandfather Death. To have life one must have death.
Paganism as a rule, is an Earth-based religion. Pagans, regardless of the named religion, revere the Earth in all her many aspects.
| Devil and divinity grew out of the same root meaning. Devi (Goddess) or Deva (God) became daeva (Devil) in northern Europe. Old English Divell (Devil) can be traced back to the Roman derivative divus, divi: Gods. So, from a very long time ago, gods and devils have been confused with each other. Which helps us understand why the authors of the bible contradicted themselves so frequently. Judeo-Christian tradition attributed many diabolic acts to God. He was the sender of pestilence, and famine. He created a terrible hell, and its demons to torture human souls on his order. The christian god caused violent storms, which were, and are still today referred to as "acts of god". Thus god was incongruously invoked to combat himself. god even killed himself in the person of Christ, according to the theological dogma that they were one and the same. god destroyed thousands of his followers for trivial offences (1 Samual 6:19). Yet churchmen seldom dared to accept the bible's own presentation of god as the maker of evil. And yet, god himself said "I form the light, and create darkness. I make peace, I create evil. (Isaiah 45:7). The christian devil became a composite of ancient deities He was given the goat horns and hooves of Satyr-gods like Pan and Dionysus. The trident of Neptune, the reptilian form of Leviathan and Python, the fiery form of Helios, the female breasts of Astarte-Ishtar, the wolf face of Feronius, the wings the babylonian cherubim, and the claws of ancestral spirits. So with a great purpose the chrisitains made sure they took a physical aspect of every other religion's god, and turned it into something hideous, and of course scary and evil. But it didn't end there, Now it was time to name this devil. And to do that they once again turned to the rival religions that they were trying to overthrow. So the plethora of names crossed the board in a great array such as: Jupiter, Mercury, Minerva, Venus, Hades, Pluto, Baal-Zebub, Lucifer, Zeus, Chathonios, Sabazius, Belial, Adonis, Sabaoth, Iao, Soter, Emmanuel and Sammael. Then the christians got specific, and postulated that there should be a devil for each of the deadly sins, so the clergy named then thus: Lucifer for Pride. Mammon for avarice (greed or gain). Asmodeus for lechery. Satan for anger. Beelzebub for gluttony. Leviathan for envy. Belphegor for sloth (laziness) and lastly Belial for iniquity (wickedness). Now if this didn't scare the church's congregation! The churchmen went on to proclaim "What ever isn't normal is due to the devil. (define normal)? No christian was allowed to disbelieve in the devil. His credibility rested on the same foundation of god. Indeed the very concept of salvation depended on the devil. For if there were no tempter, there was no original sin, no fall, , no hell, no need of a redeemer or a church! And without all of the afore, the church crumbles to the ground, and there goes the control over the people, not to mention - one hell of a paycheque! It was a severe theological problem to account for god's apparent helplessness to halt the devil's activity. Though Lucifer or Satan was supposed to have been utterly defeated in that famous war in heaven, yet it seems he's still lively and spry! The church could only propose that god permitted the devil's freedom of action. They said "It is not the Witch's ointment nor her incantation that makes her forked stick (broomstick) fly through the air, but the power of the devil, allowed by god." They never explained why the church punished what god allowed. The christian church fought among them-selves on exactly how to define the difference between Sorcery and Witchcraft, as the distinction was pretty blurry between god, humanity and the devil. The church needless to say, came up with an answer; Sorcery was evoking spirits to "carry out those powers which god permitted the devil." On the other hand, Witchcraft was evoking spirits to "commit acts against his ruling." In practice and reality that definition went like this; A man who asked the devil to help him seduce a woman was not guilty of any crime, because sex was under the devil's jurisdiction, by god's order. Devils who killed children did nothing sinful, for god permitted them to kill children "in order to punish their parents." But for the woman (in this Patriarchal religion) who tried to save her dying child with herbs (the only medicine of the day) was mortally guilty and deserved the death penalty, which she got. The christian churches decreed that all works of Witches were brought about by the devil with god's permission. Even a Witch who did only good works, like healing the sick and delivering babies within her community, must suffer the same death as a Witch who kept to herself. Thus Witches were placed in a no win situation. One might think an "enlightened " modern society would have given up on the idea of the devil. But a poll taken in 1978 showed two out of five Americans still believe in devils. The strange viability of devils may arise from their usefulness in assuaging the guilt of god and man, "Both Judaism and Christianity have maintained that god must be given full credit for all the goodness in human history (and that would go back thousands of years...what ever did they do then?) And that men must take the blame for all the evil." Thus, the real purpose of the devil is to take some of this heavy responsibility off frail human shoulders. In short; the devil, not Jesus, was the true scape goat who assumed the burden of men's sins, |
Bible |
|
Strange brew
|
Witchcraft is growing in popularity but today's pagans are more interested in self-improvement than in casting nefarious spells. Claire Halliday reports.
If you believe statistics, Melbourne is the witch capital of Australia. According to the 2001 census there are 4155 pagans in the metropolitan area � the highest concentration in Australia. Another 1459 lurk mysteriously elsewhere in Victoria.
Are more people falling under witchcraft's spell? There is no doubt. The number of Australians identifying themselves as either witches or wiccans more than quadrupled in the five years between the last two censuses.
Pagans in the Pub, Pagan Awareness Network and the Pagan Alliance are just a few Melbourne organisations for those who want to come out of the "broom closet".
With these strangely bedazzling statistics and groups, the definition of a witch is changing with the times.
Leonie is proud to announce her witchery but the location of her coven is secret witches' business. "Just say it's in the inner suburbs," she says.
What goes on there, Leonie, 34, says, is simply a celebration of nature and a rejoicing in the seasons of the sun and moon through chanting, dancing, invocations and laughing. Not a warty nose or a broomstick in sight.
In the Coburg backyard of her friend and fellow member of the Pagan Alliance, Lilith, Leonie dons a soft red robe and offers a taste of these celebrations in the witches' circle that Lilith has constructed near the corrugated iron shed.
It's hardly atmospheric. Lilith's three dogs compete for attention, her teenage son trots a steady path from inside to out (in the process of repairing his pushbike) and Leonie's son appears from the house waving a Carlton Football Club flag.
But still they chant. Witchcraft, says Lilith � a nurse in the regular world � is about celebrating diversity. Everything is beautiful in its own way.
"You don't really question things when you're little," Leonie says. "I became a witch when I started to search for something that made more sense to me."
So much sense that, shunning the initial ceremony attached to the Christian marriage between her and husband Peter, 35, the couple recently renewed their vows, witch-style with a hand-fasting ceremony, a pagan form of marriage.
"It just felt right," Leonie says. "It meant a lot more to us."
In the 1996 census, 1849 people identified themselves as either witches or wiccan; in the 2001 census, the number had grown to 8755. Identifying under the umbrella term of "pagan" (including witches, druids, heathens and shamans), the 1996 census numbers were about 10,000, compared to 20,000 in 2001.
- |
"It is clearly growing in popularity," says Dr Douglas Ezzy, senior lecturer in sociology at the University of Tasmania. Regarded by many to be one of the foremost local experts on the subject, Dr Ezzy was the editor of a book compiled by modern-day witches, Practising the Witch's Craft, an overview of the various witchcraft traditions in Australia.
As an academic who has studied witchcraft for about 10 years, Ezzy says that the misrepresentation of the practice is something that he is particularly sensitive to and that the definition of a witch has become more varied.
"Witchcraft used to be about people who followed the rituals and practices of the Gardnerian witchcraft Book of Shadows (a book of rituals sort of like the Anglican book of prayer). But now there is a huge variety of people who call themselves witches," he says.
"But, in the same way that there are different versions of Christianity, there are different traditions within witchcraft. Some of these traditions have strict criteria for who can or cannot claim to be a member of their tradition."
And the charm of witchery?
According to Ezzy "in this increasingly fast-paced and materialistic world, followers can reclaim the sacred and spiritual aspects of their lives".
Due to the associated stigma, Ezzy suspects that the census figures are a substantial underestimation. Ezzy also cites the large proportion of younger people whose parents may not correctly record their children's beliefs.
Media stereotyping has done little to redress mainstream fears.
"The witches on Buffy or Charmed or The Craft place a great deal of emphasis on spells and fighting demons. Most real witches don't do these things. Witchcraft is much more about self-development and self-understanding," he says.
"The other media image of witchcraft as a dangerous 'cult' is based on medieval stereotypes and Monty Python. In my opinion going to a witchcraft ritual is no more dangerous than going to a Catholic Mass, a Pentecostal prayer meeting, or to watch the football. There are dangerous people in all walks of life, and witchcraft is no exception."
In recent years a strengthening and solidarity within the local pagan and witch community has come about through the internet and meetings. Although there is not one centralised organisation, umbrella groups such as Pagans in the Pub do co-ordinate regular gatherings where members meet monthly.
Gavin Andrew, state co-ordinator of the Pagan Awareness Network � a pagan education and advocacy organisation � says such groups are an important first port of call for likeminded people.
Andrew says he developed an interest in the occult when he was a teenager and found the history of witchcraft far more fascinating than "sitting in church singing doleful hymns".
Not all in society see such beliefs as positive. In June last year City of Casey councillor Rob Wilson, who was last week elected mayor, issued a press release accusing witches of trying to attack and "take over" the municipality in Melbourne's south-east.
Naming a local witch in his press release, Wilson suggested that the witch's religion made her a threat to the community. Wilson also called on local churches to hold a day of prayer to ward off the forces of darkness.
Letters to the local papers revealed a deep divide in the community.
"The Pagan Awareness Network has been pursuing him through the Equal Opportunity Commission of Victoria and VCAT, using religious vilification laws," says Andrew who hopes for a result that will embrace religious diversity, rather than scaremongering.
Faedrah, who opened The Witchy Shop in Warrandyte about 12 months ago, runs daily workshops for people wishing to stick a toe into the bubbling cauldron of bedevilment.
"We get a mix of women and men coming in," Faedrah says.
At The Esoteric Bookshop in Murrumbeena, proprietor David Wilson-Steer says the most popular items are "herbs, charcoal (and) candles fairly evenly distributed between male and female customers".
Australian witches have had to re-jig some of the information in the most widely-read witchcraft tomes in order to cater for our Southern Hemisphere differences.
"Most cast their circles anti-clockwise. In the Northern Hemisphere it's the other way. Real witches in Australia celebrate Halloween at the end of April but most people would think of it as being in October," he says.
With his partner Julie Snodgrass, David Wilson-Steer first opened The Esoteric Bookshop in Hawthorn 12 years ago where the business relied heavily on the passing trade of private schoolgirls doing the ritual teenage flirtation with purple and patchouli.
The recent move to Murrumbeena, with less passing pedestrian traffic, has seen a move to people more seriously interested in the necessary ingredients that witchcraft requires.
Today, according to a website, is International Witches Meetup Day, where witches in more than 612 cities worldwide will get together. A read of the website reveals a collection of mostly university-aged women, who, in Melbourne at least, have voted on an inner-city cafe for their meeting tonight. Cafe owners take note: the witches gathering at your establishment may not be easily identifiable by dress or ritual chanting.
"We just like to get together for a drink like everyone else," Lilith says.
Gavin Andrew can laugh about the stereotypes that most people conjure up when they think of a witch. The reality, he says, is quite mundane. A modern-day witch could easily be dressed in slacks and a cardigan at the desk next to you.
"Many of us don't even bother with the robes and wands and other accessories that have become associated with us," Andrew says. "We do tend to wear a lot of black though . . . it's slimming."