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Taproot: In plants, the main root, which is typically the longest, and generally serves as an anchor for the plant.

Taxonomy: A classification system that lists organisms in an orderly fashion to show their relationship with respect to other organisms.

A sample taxonomic classification for humans would be:

1. Domain Eukarya
2. Kingdom Animalia
3. Phylum Chordata
4. Subphylum Vertebrata
5. Class Mammalia
6. Order Primates
7. Family Hominidae
8. Genus Homo
9. Species Homo sapiens

Tendril: In plants, a slender climbing organ.

In the image to the left, which was found here, the tendril is the portion of the plant that goes up and to the right.

Thalamus: The part of the brain that deals with the perception of sensation.

Thymine: A nitrogenous base that pairs with adenine in DNA, and is replaced by uracil in RNA. When you see a string of letters that are used to describe DNA, such as AGTCCGTTATATTGC, "T" stands for thymine.

Transcription: The first step in protein synthesis where a copy of RNA is made from a portion of DNA.

Transfer RNA: Also known as tRNA. A type of RNA that bonds with amino acids and then takes them to a ribosome, which can then pair with an mRNA codon during the translation phase of protein synthesis.

Translation: The stage during protein synthesis where mRNA base sequences are converted into a sequence of particular amino acids in a new polypeptide chain.

Transpiration: The loss of water vapor from a plant's surface.

Triploblast: An organism that forms three distinct embryonic tissue layers, namely the mesoderm, the ectoderm, and the endoderm.

Tuber: In plants, a structure found at the end of a rhizome which becomes swollen, and acts as food storage. An example of a tuber would be a potato.