Thyroid Support Center

Helping Thyroid Patients Online

Thyroid Research

 

 

Antibodies

Thyroid autoantibodies in autoimmune diseases 

 

The Musculoskeletal System

Ingenta - Musculoskeletal manifestations in patients with thyroid disease - Discusses the prevalence of adhesive capsulitis, Dupuytren's contracture, trigger finger, limited joint mobility and carpal tunnel syndrome.

MedicineNet - Thyroid Disease, Osteoporosis and Calcium - An in depth discussion on prevention, therapies and treatment options.

Postgraduate Medicine: Endocrine origins of rheumatic disease - Discusses how patients who seek medical attention for a musculoskeletal complaint may have an underlying disorder that has gone undiagnosed.

Bone and Calcium Metabolism in Subclinical Autoimmune Hyperthyroidism and Hypothyroidism - Examines calcium and bone metabolism in subclinical thyroid disorders. Endocr J Vol. 50: 657-661, (2003). [PDF] (June 23, 2003)

Hashimoto's thyroiditis presenting as bilateral knee arthropathy

Restoration of euthyroidism accelerates bone turnover in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism 

Thyroid hormones: beneficial or deleterious for bone?


 

How Thyroid Affects the Skin the Largest Organ of the Body

 

Hyaluronan Accumulation in Thyroid Tissue: Evidence for Contributions from Epithelial Cells and Fibroblasts - Discusses the "puff" or edema associated with Hashimoto's and Graves' disease.

Common Hyperpigmentation Disorders in Adults - Describes how symptoms may indicate the presence of hyperthyroidism, Addison's disease, or diabetes-related disorders. [PDF]

eMedicine - Pretibial Myxedema - Thyroid dermopathy is a term used to describe localized lesions of the skin resulting from the deposition of hyaluronic acid. Article by Purnima Sau, MD.

Pruritus an important symptom of internal diseases - In depth article describes itching that can be associated with Hyperthyroidism, Mixoedema, and Hyperparathyroidism.

Skin problems associated with thyroid disease - Authoritative facts about the skin from the New Zealand Dermatological Society.

Thyroid Disease and the Skin - Features common problems and changes associated with hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism.

Karger Publishers - Relevance of Thyroiditis and of Other Autoimmune Diseases in Children with Vitiligo - Significant incidence of thyroid dysfunction was found in paediatric patients with this particular skin condition. (August, 2004)

Entrez PubMed - Association between chronic urticaria and thyroid autoimmunity: a prospective study involving 99 patients - Study suggests tests to detect thyroid autoantibodies are relevant in patients with hives. (July, 2003)

Entrez PubMed - Effect of thyroid hormone deficiency on proteoglycan synthesis by human skin fibroblast cultures - Discusses hyaluronic acid and its effects on the tissues. (January 1, 1988)

Thyroid hormone action on skin: diverging effects of topical versus intraperitoneal administration

Anti-thyroid thioureylenes in the treatment of psoriasis.

 

Mental Health

Published Research on T3/T4 as a Treatment for Mood Problems - The controversy between those who believe that T4 is the only replacement and a small group who think that making TSH normal using only T4 may still leave some hypothyroid.

Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in Patients with Mild Hypothyroidism - Discusses the emotional and cognitive abnormalities in adult hypothyroidism. From The Journal of Nuclear Medicine.

Thyroid Disorders & Treatments - Bipolar Depression - The frequency of bipolar disorder (also known as manic-depressive disorder) among patients with autoimmune thyroid problems.

Thyroid in Bipolar - Suggests a clear connection between thyroid hormone regulation and this disorder.

Atypical Depression: Thyroid Link Still Alive - New research suggests of the possibility of certain types of depression being connected. (March 15, 2004)  

BioMed Central | Full text | Thyroid function in clinical subtypes of major depression: an exploratory study - Evidence suggesting the presence of an autoimmune process affecting the thyroid gland in depressive patients. (March, 2004)

Thyroid function in subclinical types of major depression: an exploratory study

Autoimmune Thyroid Disease Linked to Depression (requires login to read)

Thyroxine Plus 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine Treatment for Depressed Patients with Hypothyroidism Does Not Improve Patient-Assessed Well-Being

The Thyroid and the Mind and Emotions: Thyroid Dysfunction in Mental Disorders 

European Journal of Endocrinology - Cognitive functioning and well-being in euthyroid patients on thyroxine replacement therapy for primary hypothyroidism, a clinical study.

 

Brain

Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in Patients with Mild Hypothyroidism - Discusses the emotional and cognitive abnormalities in adult hypothyroidism. From The Journal of Nuclear Medicine.

 

Thyroid : Heart & Lung 

Low Thyroid Function Leads to Cardiac Atrophy with Chamber Dilatation, Impaired Myocardial Blood Flow, Loss of Arterioles, and Severe Systolic Dysfunction

Cardiovascular Manifestations of Hypothyroidism - Discusses how the heart resembles congestive heart failure in patients with severe cases of myxedema.

Congenital Hypothyroidism and Nonimmune Hydrops Fetalis: Associated? - Presents a case where there is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the fetal compartments, including ascites, pleural effusion, pericardial effusion, and skin edema.

Echocardiography - Discusses associated significant cardiovascular derangements in hypothyroidism. Includes pericardial effusion, heart failure, and ischemic heart disease.

Guidelines on the diagnosis and management of pericardial diseases - Overview of the differing types of pericarditis.

The Heart and the Thyroid Gland - Significant complications can arise from both low and high gland function. What patients need to watch out for.  

Myxedema and pericardial effusion with cardiac tamponade - Contains a case study of a 40 year old male with edema and hypothyroidism.

Myxoedema coma with pericardial effusion and respiratory arrest in a 59-year-old woman - Presents a case study of a rare occurance associated with undiagnosed hypothyroidism.

UK study links heart conditions with common 'hidden' hormone disorders in the elderly - Suggests a strong link between heart problems and undiagnosed thyroid disease. (April 6, 2005)

Thyroid Problems Increase Risk of Heart Disease and Death - Individuals have twice the risk of developing cardiac problems compared to those with normal levels of TSH. (October 1, 2004)

Entrez PubMed - Thyroid hormone and the cardiovascular system - Changes in serum T(3) levels in patients with chronic congestive heart failure are caused by alterations in thyroid hormone metabolism suggesting that patients may benefit from T(3). (September 29, 2004)

The Journal of Endocrinology & Metabolism - Thyroid Function and Blood Pressure Homeostasis in Euthyroid Subjects - Overt and subclinical hypothyroidism are associated with increased systemic vascular resistance and hypertension. (September, 2004)

Humana Press - Hypothyroidism as a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease - Patients with low gland function have an increased risk of functional cardiovascular abnormalities. (June, 2004)

Subclinical Thyroid Dysfunction Affects the Heart - Impaired left ventricular diastolic function at rest and systolic dysfunction have been observed in persons with hypothyroidism. (April 1, 2003)

Cardiac Dysrhythmias and Thyroid Dysfunction - The Hidden Menace? - Abstract discusses thyrotoxicosis, overt and subclinical hyperthyroidism, and how its perceived as a reversible disorder but long term studies report adverse outcomes. (March, 2002)

Hyperthyroidism and Risk of Atrial Fibrillation or Flutter

Hypothyroidism and Pericardial Effusion

Hypothyroidism and Cardiovascular Disease

Pulmonary function tests and thyroid hormone concentrations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Effects of thyroid hormone on the cardiovascular system

Selective activators of thyroid hormone receptors 

 

Renal

Urinary beta-2 microglobulin in renal dysfunction associated with hypothyroidism 

 

Hearing

Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in patients with Meniere's disease

Propylthiouracil-induced sensorineural hearing loss associated with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies

Pendred syndrome

 

Reproduction and Menstrual Cycle

Excess thyroid hormone harmful to fetus 

The Comparison of Thyroid Function Tests in Cord Blood Following Cesarean Section or Vaginal Delivery 

 Research shows hormonal regulation of the immune response 

Thyroid Dysfunction and Women's Reproductive Health 

Interaction of estrogen therapy and thyroid hormone replacement in postmenopausal women 

Telegraph News - Pregnant women who take slimming pills 'are more likely to have gay children' - An American study of thousands of mothers and their adult offspring has found that medication used to treat thyroid deficiency and amphetamine-based diet pills appeared to have influenced sexual orientation.

BMJ - Hypothyroidism in pregnancy affects babies' intelligence - Pregnant women with untreated hypothyroidism give birth to children with slightly lower IQs.

JAMA - Fetal Loss Associated With Excess Thyroid Hormone Exposure - The standard practice of increasing thyroid hormone replacement doses in hypothyroid pregnant women leads to higher miscarriage and lower birth weights.

 

Labs, T4 & T3

Thyroxine (T4) and tri-iodothyronine (T3) determinations: techniques and value in the assessment of thyroid function

LMPG: Laboratory Support for the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Thyroid Disease

Combined levothyroxine plus liothyronine compared with levothyroxine alone in primary hypothyroidism

Combined Thyroxine/Liothyronine Treatment Does Not Improve Well-Being, Quality of Life, or Cognitive Function Compared to Thyroxine Alone

Thyroxine (T4) and tri-iodothyronine (T3) determinations: techniques and value in the assessment of thyroid function

TPO & TG Antibodies: clinical and methodological aspects

 

Related Conditions

[PDF] Is hepatitis C virus a risk factor for thyroid autoimmunity? 

Chronic autoimmune thyroiditis and rheumatic manifestations. 

Selenium substitution has no direct effect on thyroid hormone metabolism in critically ill patients.

Subclinical hypothyroidism is associated with a low-grade inflammation, increased triglyceride levels and predicts cardiovascular disease in males below 50 years.

Autoimmune thyroiditis and anti-thyroid antibodies in primary Sj?gren?s syndrome 

Male reproductive function in relation with thyroid alterations 

Radiotherapy-induced thyroid disorders 

Dry eye syndrome in thyroid-associated ophthalmo- pathy: lacrimal expression of TSH receptor suggests involvement of TSHR-specific autoantibodies

Health-related quality of life in patients with thyroid disorders 

Effect of Levothyroxine Replacement on Lipid Profile and Intima-Media Thickness in Subclinical Hypothyroidism 

Thyroid Function and Carotid Wall Thickness  

The hairless promoter is differentially regulated by thyroid hormone in keratinocytes and neuroblastoma cells.

Restless legs symptoms in thyroid disorders

Stress affects hormones which affect immune system which alters mental and physical disease

Variable effects of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents on thyroid test results

Metabolic and Endocrine Disorders: Hypo & Hyperthyroidism

Role for Thyroid Hormone in Wound Healing

Thyroid involvement in patients with active inflammatory bowel diseases

Does thyroidectomy exacerbate or relieve the throat symptoms of globus pharyngeus?

Is There a Place for Thyroidectomy in Older Patients With Thyrotoxic Storm and Cardiorespiratory Failure? (login required)

Suppression of the deafness and thyroid dysfunction in Thrb-null mice by an independent mutation in the Thra thyroid hormone receptor {alpha} gene

 

This page was updated on January 24, 2007 and continues to be a work in progress. Some material here has been licensed back to me by Netscape as part of their nonexclusive, royalty-free right to use any material I have created and submitted to the ODP.