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Basic  lgebra by: Grade Builder
ariables and xpressions
 
  What are Variables?
 

Letters are used in math to take the place of unknown numbers.

 X is the most popular letter for a variable.

Y is the second most used letter for a variable.

 
 
  Which of the following is an excellent name for a Variable?
 

Antoine

y

4X56

s4x

 

 If a is any number,

a = a

 
  What is an Expression?
 

An expression in math is like a phrase in English or music.

An expression contains:

1.  At least one number or variable.

2.  Along with addition, subtraction, multiplication, or division.

 
  The following are examples of Expressions?
 

An expression in Math is like a phrase in English or music.

x + 7

y - x

6 + 7

6 ÷ a  or  6/a

6 x a or 6 . x or 6a or 6(a)

 
  The following highlighted letters in red explains if these are Variables, Expressions, or just a License plate?
 

sx + a

 V

 E

 L

p

 V

 E

 L

n + 8
 

 V

 E

 L

 
6YT YJA

 V

 E

 L

6x ÷ 76 + D

 V

 E

 L

u - 45 + l - 33

 V

 E

 L

IWC 443

 V

 E

 L

3yxz

 V

 E

 L

67y

 V

 E

 L

 
  Evaulating xpressions?
 
Rules:
 
 Evaluating an expression mean figuring out what number the expression equals.
 
 If the expression has a variable, you have to know what the variable represents before you can evaluate the expression.
 
 
The Order of Operations
                 
  Please       Parentheses
                     Excuse      Exponents
                     My            Multiplication
                     Dear         Division
                     Aunt         Addition
                     Sally         Subtraction
 





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  Evaluate this xpression:
 
(3 + 5 x 8) - 9 ÷ 3 = ?
Start with 5 x 8 which = 40
Next add the 3 in the parenthesis to the 40
Now add (3 + 40) = 43
Then put 43 in parenthesis and divide 9 ÷ 3 = 3
Last, subtract (43) - 3 =
Answer:
(43) - 3 = 40
 
Now write the problem as: 
(3 + 5 x 8) - 9 ÷ 3 =
(3 + 40)
(43) - 3 = 40
 
Golden Rule:  Complete all of multiplication and division before you begin any addition and subtraction.
 
 
Evaluating xpressions:
 

2x

x is the number of pairs of eyes.

2x would be the number of eyes.

 
  Solve a word problem evaulating Expressions?
 

There are x people working a project.

Your notebooks come in packs of ten.

Write an expression for the number of  packs of notebooks you would need to give everyone on project each...

Answer:

x/10

Explanation:

You'll need one pack of notebooks for every 10 people.

If there are x people on the project, then you'll need

 x ÷ 10 packs of notebooks.

 

 
  Each xpression is matched to its value:
 

((3 + 4) + 3) ÷ 2)

 3

 5

 8

x/4, where x = number of green clay pots in a dozen.

 3

 5

 8

(3 + 3) ÷ 2
 

 3

 5

 8

 
2n + 1, where n = the number of wheels on a bike.

 3

 5

 8

(4 + 1) x 3 ÷ 5

 3

 5

 8

(d - 3) x 2, where d = number of days in the week.

 3

 5

 8

3(2 + 1) - 4

 3

 5

 8

7 + (2 + 5) - 9

 3

 5

 8

3 + 2 x 2 + 1

 3

 5

 8

y + 2, where y = the number of earth moons.

 3

 5

 8

 

Properties of Equalities:
 
The Reflective Property
 

Any number is equal to itself.

2 = 2 

 If a is any number,

a = a

 
 
The Symmetric Property
 

Symmetrical

a = b then b = a 

Examples:  

1.              x = y  

                 y = x


2.        3 + 1 = 4

                 4 = 3 + 1


3.         r - 4 = 3s

                3s = r - 4

 

 
 
The Transitive Property
 

if  a = b

and  b = c

then  a = c 

Examples:

1.       4 = y    y = x

                3 = x

2.       u = x = t

          u = t

3.       r = q  and r = x

          q = x

 
 
The Substitution Property
 

If two expressions are equal. one can replace the other.

(3 + 4) + 1

(7)  + 1


Examples: 

1.      7(4 + 5)

         6(9)

2.      x = 4 + 3

         x = 7

3.     x + 6 = y(6 - 3)

        x + 6 = y(3)

 
 
 
  Simplifyinglgebraic Expressions:
 
Properties of algebra

 Let a, b, and c represent real numbers, variables, or algebraic expressions

 PROPERTY NAME

 PROPERTY WRITTEN OUT

 Commutative Property of Addition  a + b = b + a
 Commutative Property of Multiplication  ab = ba
 Associative Property of Addition  (a + b) + c = a + ( b + c)
 Associative Property of Multiplication  (ab)c = a(bc)
 Distributive Property

 a(b + c) = ab + ac

 (a + b)c = ac + bc

 Additive Identity Property  a + 0 = 0 + a = a
 Multiplicative Identity Property  a * 1 = * a = a
 Additive Inverse Property  a + (-a) = (-a) + a = 0
 Multiplicative Inverse Property  a * 1/a = 1/a * a = 1 (a | 0)
 
  •  Common use for the distributive property is to expand an algebraic expression
Combining like terms
  •  In an algebraic expression, two terms are said to be like terms if they are both constant terms or if they have the same variable factor(s).
  •  To combine like terms, you add or subtract their respective coefficients and attach the common variable facor(s).

Simplifying algebraic expressions

  •  Means to remove symbols of grouping and combine like terms.
  •  To remove the symbols of grouping, you wuold generally use the distributive property.

Rounding decimals

  •  Determine the number of digits of accuracy you wish to keep.  The digit in the last position you keep is called the rounding digit, and the digit in ther fitst position you discard is called the decision digit.
  •  If the decision digit is 5 or greater, round up by adding 1 to the rounding digit.
  •  If the decision digit is 4 or less, round down by leaving the rounding digit unchanged.

Exponents, Order of Operations, and Properties of Real Numbers

Exponents

  • Another way of writing repeated multiplication (5x5x5x5 = 54)
  •  In the exponential form given before, the 5 is the base (repeated factor)     and the 4 is the exponent (how many times the base occurs as a factor).
  •  Read as "5 to the 4th power."

Order of Operations

  •  Perform operations inside symbols of grouping - ( ) or [ ] - or absolute value symbols, starting with innermost symbols.
  •  Evaluate all exponential expressions.
  •  Perform all multiplications and divisions from left to right.
  •  Perform all additions and subtractions from left to right.
  •  The old anagram to remember this is PEMDAS (Parentheses, Exponents, Multiplication, Division, Addition, Subtraction).

Properties of real number (Let a, b, and c be real numbers)

 

PROPERTY 

 DESCRIPTION

 Commutative Property

Addition: a + b = b + a

Multiplication: ab = ba

 Associative Property

Addition: (a + b) + c = a + ( b + c)

Multiplication: (ab)c = a(bc)

 Distributive Property

a(b + c) = ab + ac

(a + b)c = ac + bc

 Identity Property

Addition: a + 0 = 0 + a = a

Multiplication: a x 1 = 1 x a = a

 Inverse Property

Addition: a + (-a) = (-a) + a = 0

Multiplication: a x 1/a = 1/a x a = 1(a | 0)

 

 

  Great lgebra sites:

 
Sherman Independent School District:  http://www.shermanisd.net/Instruction/math_sites.htm
 
Sheppard Software (play algebra game):
http://www.sheppardsoftware.com/contesta.htm
 
Lesson Tutor (for 9th graders - lessons 1-12):
http://www.lessontutor.com/ltalgebra9home.html
 
FCAT Resources - Special Instructions:  scroll down page for Algebra 
(includes other subjects):
http://www.firn.edu/schools/broward/ftlaud-hs/fcatweb.htm
 
Math Dork (interactive animated lessons):
http://www.mathdork.com/samplelessons.html
 
Math Tutor (C.D. Fuentes interactive animated games & lessons):
http://www.quia.com/pages/mathtutor.html
 
Algebra Help (includes graphing and more):
http://www.homestead.com/stroh/algebrahelp.html
 
 
 
  lgebra Functions and Relations:
 

Purple Math (using slopes to graph lines):
http://www.purplemath.com/modules/slopgrph.htm
 
Chemistry Coach (writing the equation for a straight line):
http://www.chemistrycoach.com/straight_line.htm
 
Zweigmedia (linear functions - basic slope and intercept):
http://www.zweigmedia.com/ThirdEdSite/tutorialsf0/frames1_3.html
 
Math Forum @ Drexel (ask Dr. Math about linear equations - high school math):
http://mathforum.org/library/drmath/sets/high_lineareq.html
 
Prenhall (functions and graphs study guide):
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_blitzer_algtrig_2/0,7303,911515-,00.html
 
James Brennan.org (linear equations in two variables):
http://www.jamesbrennan.org/algebra/lines/straight_lines.htm
 
 
 
  lgebra Worksheet:
 
 
Worksheet (Relations & Equations as Relations - Linear Graphs - Slopes):
http://www.quia.com/files/quia/users/dee_dee760@lycos.com/Documents/Relations-and-Equations-as-Relations.doc
 
 
 
 
  lgebra TI-84 Silver Edition (Guidebook):
 
 
Features:
  •  Every student can present to the entire class*
  •  A built-in USB port with cable
  •  30 preloaded Handheld Software Applications (Apps), including Cabri® Jr. and Periodic Table
  •  9x the memory of the TI-83 Plus for storing up to 94 Apps
  •  2.5x the speed of the TI-83 Plus
  •  Interchangeable faceplates (available separately)

 

TI-84 Plus Silver Edition Details:

(Calculator Instructions)

Guidebook (TI-84 Plus Silver Edition is 100% compatible, keystroke-for-keystroke with the TI-83 Plus family):
http://education.ti.com/us/product/tech/84pse/guide/84pseguideus.html
 
 
 
Intermediate Algebra (5th Edition)Currently Reading:
Intermediate Algebra (5th Edition)
John Jr Tobey, Jeffrey Slater
see related
 
Intermediate Algebra (Casebound with CD-ROM and iLrn Tutorial)Currently Reading:
Intermediate Algebra (Casebound with CD-ROM and iLrn Tutorial)
Alan S. Tussy, R. David Gustafson
see related
 
 
Google 


Robix is a game of pure logic and strategy as you try to push rows of blocks right or left in an effort to get 10 of your green marbles to the bottom before your computer opponent can.



Fuentes

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Date ___________________

Evaluate Expressions
(Answer ID # 0457024)
Complete by evaluating each expression.

1.  
7m    -    3

for m = 3
2.   2n
for n = 5
3.  
4r    -    4

for r = 2
4.   3x
for x = 8
5.  
8d    +    21

for d = 6
6.  
9w    +    27

for w = 4
7.   q  ÷  4
for q = 8
8.   6t
for t = 3
9.   5h
for h = 6
10.  
7k    -    52

for k = 9
11.  
5a    +    42

for a = 7
12.  
2u    +    17

for u = 5
13.  
3b    -    2

for b = 8
14.  
4c    -    10

for c = 4
15.  
9y    +    41

for y = 5
16.   8v
for v = 6
17.   6s
for s = 8
18.  
p
9
   -    2

for p = 27
19.  
3e    -    23

for e = 9
20.  
6f    +    6

for f = 2
21.   s  ÷  2
for s = 12
22.  
4z    +    43

for z = 6
23.  
2g    -    3

for g = 4
24.   7h
for h = 2
25.   9p
for p = 9
26.  
8m    +    22

for m = 7
27.  
f
8
   +    f

for f = 72