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GENERAL INFORMATION | |||
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American Pit Bull Terrier ( APBT ) Breed Profile The American Pit Bull Terrier ( APBT ) is a medium sized breed of dog. It has short hair which is relatively smooth to the touch. Pit Bulls come in all colors and patterns. The Pit Bull breed has been developed over hundreds of years to be a worker and is well suited to most any task requiring strength, agility, and intelligence. A well developed American Pit Bull Terrier ( APBT ) should be muscular in build with well pronounced chest and legs. A Pit Bull's head is often described as brick-like but is actually more in the shape of a wedge. The muzzle of the Pit may vary in length but a Pit with a well developed head will have a wide muzzle at maturity ending at a muscular jaw. The tail is often described to resemble a lever and ends in a tip. Although some Pits may have their tail cropped this is not suggested as it affects their balance. A Pit Bulls tail is never in the shape of a corkscrew. The ears of Pit Bulls are set rather high on the head and may be cropped or un-cropped based on preference. When a Pit shows interest or expresses joy in something its ears will often move toward each other revealing wrinkles on the forehead. Pit Bulls eyes are round or oval in shape and come in all colors including blue which is caused by the Merle gene. Merle genetics may also reveal itself in blotches on the coat and is typically manifested this way in reds and blues. The nose of a Pit Bull can be any natural color but in most cases are black, red, blue, or speckled. A well mannered and properly socialized Pit Bull will exhibit confidence in most every situation. When a task brings itself to light the Pit Bull is typically inquisitive and exhibits a can do and don't give up attitude. The Pit Bulls intelligence is unsurpassed and can get it into trouble sometimes once it figures out it is a natural escape artist and can climb tress almost as good as a cat. Because of this ability it is of the utmost importance to keep objects and trees away from any fences that are intended to confine them. Pit Bulls have a natural tendency to want to please their owners and strive for human attention. Pit Bulls make excellent family pets but should be watched around children as their exuberance, size, strength and weight may be overpowering. Pit Bulls can be trained for most any occasion ranging from service and therapy work, guarding, hunting, rescue and the activity it loves best; couch or bed warming. Although all Pit Bulls need physical activity to help release their large stores of youthful energy, head pats and belly rubs are always a welcomed second. A well developed and socialized Pit Bull is like a chivalrous knight clad in an armor of muscle covered with a well polished glossy covering of skin. Like the great knights of old, the American Pit Bull Terrier ( APBT ) will show unfaltering courage, dedication, be honorable in action and have a heart to do what is right by his king or queen, you. Of course sometimes they will just insist on being the joker. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- an EXCELLENT site for breed information and literature about owning multi-dog homes.... http://www.badrap.org/rescue/owning.cfm 2. Thou shall contain thy Pit Bull securely when not supervised by an adult. 3. Thou shalt NEVER leave thy adult Pit Bull alone and unsupervised with another do 5. Thou shalt keep thy Pit Bull socialized with All Kinds of people. 6. Thy Pit Bull will Never be allowed off leash in a public place. 7. Thy Pit Bull will NEVER be allowed to roam free in thy neighborhood, EVER!! 8. Thou shalt take thy well-trained Pit Bull out in public and show 9. Thy Pit Bull shalt go forth into the world as an ambassador of the pit bull breed. 10. THOU ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY WRONG DONE BY THY DOG. A Human friendly breed is important to you Your housing situation allows Pit Bulls You can handle the financial costs involved with vet care, food, training, and toys Your future is relatively certain and if you will be moving choosing a place You are educated on the breed and are prepared to deal with its individual needs. Responsible Ownership Responsible pet ownership is probably the most overlooked yet most important aspect of owning a pet. There are many factors that go into owning a pet from deciding which pet is right for you to proper disposal of your pet upon its passing. Responsible pet ownership is a beginning to end and every day issue one must take into account when becoming a pet owner. When deciding on whether or not you wish to own a pet you should take into consideration the time you have available to provide attention to that pet, the environment it will be living in, your family dynamics, and expenses involved in pet maintenance. Choosing a pet IS NOT AN ISSUE TO BE DECIDED UPON TO CONFORM TO A FAD OR AN ATTEMPT TO DEVELOP OR MAINTAIN AN IMAGE. A PET IS NOT A BABYSITTER FOR YOUR CHILD. If you are wanting a pet but will not have much time to spend exercising it, you should choose a pet like a snake. Snakes make excellent pets for those with busy lifestyles. Snakes require very little exercise and can often go for long periods of time between feedings based on type. If you wish to own a dog you should do some research on the characteristics of different breeds and find a breed that matches your lifestyle. It is unfair to expect a dog to conform to your lifestyle simply because it may be the breed you want. Both you and the dog you choose will have a much happier and rewarding relationship if your lifestyle and its breed characteristics parallel one another. When choosing a method of confinement take into account your dogs physical characteristics. Short haired dogs should not be left out in the cold and long haired dogs should not be left out in the heat. Although there are many methods of confining your dog, tall privacy fences and indoor dwellings are preferable. 50% of all dog attacks happen on the owner's property. An overwhelmingly large percentage of these attacks occur when irresponsible children intentionally trespass, and in some cases, antagonize the dog. If you have children and as a responsible parent, it is your obligation to educate your children to respect other's property, belongings, and animals. No matter what type of confinement method you use, proper confinement is a necessary part of responsible pet ownership. Remember this is your pet and not your neighborhood's pet. DO NOT LET YOUR PETS ROAM. THE OFFSPRING OF A NEIGHBORHOOD INDISCRETION ARE UNNECESSARY AND PUT TO DEATH DISPROPORTIONATELY IN SHELTERS AND POUNDS. ALLOWING A PET TO ROAM IS THE HIGHEST FORM OF PET IRRESPONSIBILITY. If you will not be breeding it is advisable to have your pet spayed or neutered preferably before 6 months of age. There are millions of dogs and cats that die unnecessarily every year in shelters and pounds. Spaying and neutering can help eliminate the problem of unwanted breeding and spaying and neutering (especially before 6 months of age) can have many health benefits. To learn more about spaying and neutering please visit our health issues section. When it comes to health care make sure that your pet meets all the required vaccinations for your area. Vaccination is the key to your pets long term health and happiness free of disease. Maintaining a healthy and balanced diet is also a necessity to proper pet health. When buying food make sure it is nutritionally well balanced. Some dogs do well on scraps from the table, others do not. The Pit Bull in general seems to be one breed that does well digesting table scraps. However, every dog is unique and maintaining proper dietary control can promote a long and happy life. Water is essential to all life, and most importantly to your pets. If you own a pet such as a dog or cat make sure it has plenty of fresh water daily. Training and socializing your pet to other animals and humans should be provided regularly. A properly trained and socialized pet is much less likely to cause harm to others. Proper training and socialization can assist you in communicating with your pet more effectively which will relate to a stronger and more rewarding relationship for you both. When disposing of a pet who has passed on, make sure to follow regulations for your area. Never flush fish. When burying a pet that has passed on make sure the grave is of sufficient depth to discourage scavengers.
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Surviving Puppyhood
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A reward can be a treat, a game, a toy, attention, petting, eye contact, or access to something the puppy wants (like to go through a door, or to continue a walk). Even yelling can be a reward to a dog who never gets any kind of attention. Be careful what you reward | ||||||
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Critical Periods of Socialization for a Puppy This page is provided as a public service from Dog Scouts of America Birth through 3rd week (1 – 21 days): Puppy needs mother and littermates. They can’t regulate their own temperatures very well, so they must have a warm place to sleep. Training is not effective at this stage. They have yet to open their eyes and ears and do much besides crawl around. Their instinct is to cry when separated from the warmth of the litter (so that mommy will save them). Do not handle more than necessary. Fourth Week (21 days to 28 days): Eyes and ears should be open by this time. Ability to form an attachment to humans is forming at this time, so gentle handling is recommended. All handling should be supervised, and children should not be allowed to pick up the puppies. DO NOT remove the puppies from the litter. Do not wean at this age. If complications with the mother dog require early removal from the litter, do it BEFORE 21 days or AFTER 28 days. Do not allow negative events to take place during this period. This could result in shyness or other unwanted qualities in a puppy. Fifth through Seventh Week (28 – 49 days): The mother will be in the process of weaning the puppies. It is important that you let her do her job. If you abruptly remove the puppies from the mother, and begin feeding them puppy food, they will have missed out on a VERY IMPORTANT life lesson. By allowing the mother to wean the pups, gradually, they learn that RESOURCES ARE NOT ALWAYS AVAILABLE. Sometimes the resource (mommy) is there, but is not available to the puppy (she’s not in the mood to feed them). You should supplement her feeding with moistened puppy food, during this time. But, if you go directly from mom providing food on demand to YOU providing food on demand, the puppies will get a distorted view of reality (they’ll be “spoiled”), and will not easily accept the disappointment of limited access later in life. Give daily individual attention to each puppy, getting him or her used to positive human interaction. Puppies at this age can begin to learn potty training, and will try to “hold it” until they can go on an absorbent material, away from their sleeping area. If you provide them with such, housebreaking will be a breeze. DO NOT remove puppies from the litter. Wait until after 7 weeks of age to let the new homes take the puppies. While it is important that the puppies get time separate from the litter on a daily basis, if you remove them entirely, they will lose out on more IMPORTANT LIFE LESSONS. Puppies learn to inhibit their bites by biting their littermates. When they bite too hard, the littermate will squeal, and either bite back in retaliation, or ostracize the bully, and refuse to play with him. This teaches the pups not to be too rough, and while they’ll still play fight and wrestle, they will bite down softly, not injuring the other puppies. A dog that does not learn this lesson could cause serious harm to a person or child later in life. When they bite, they don’t inhibit, and an uninhibited bite will require stitches. A dog can do a lot of damage with its mouth, and it is important that it remain with the litter to get this “weapons safety course” from its brothers and sisters. This training takes place between the ages of 6 and 7 weeks, so if the puppies are adopted before then, they are an accident waiting to happen. The puppy is also learning other very crucial skills at this age. He’s learning to speak “dog.” He’s learning the social skills that will enable him to interpret unspoken messages from other dogs and give appropriate replies. Things like calming signals (a kind of a friendly, submissive gesture) are learned at this time, and this will help your dog to communicate with other dogs all through his life. If he is removed from the litter, unequipped with this vital information, he could possibly get “picked on” or attacked frequently by other dogs when they don’t receive the information they need from him. If he doesn’t “speak the language”, it will be hard for him to express himself. He could also become a “bully” himself, because he won’t understand the signals to “back off” that the other dogs are giving him. This could also lead to a nasty fight. The worst case scenario is that the puppy would not understand that it is a dog, and would fear all other dogs (as if they were aliens or something, which basically they would be for him). Eighth through 12th Week (49 – 84 days): At this age, you will take over the role of being the “mother” to your new puppy. The puppy will cry when separated from the only caretaker he has known for his entire life. This is only natural. Especially when you consider that we as humans are a far cry from his doting canine mother. When he cries, she is usually there in a heartbeat, to see what is wrong. Humans on the other hand, tend to bring home a puppy and just stuff him in a crate or in the garage the first night, and then wonder why the poor baby is screaming inconsolably non-stop. To make the first few nights easier on your new puppy, I recommend allowing the puppy to be VERY near to you. I don’t care what your future “hard-nosed rules” are going to be for the puppy, or even if he is going to remain an outdoor dog, separated from the family he will learn to love. Those first few nights should hold as little trauma as absolutely possible. If you lock up your puppy away from you when you get home with him, he’s going to assume he’s been LOST or abandoned, and will cry to be rescued. You merely have to assure him that he simply has a new home, with a human parent, and that you can be just as loving and comforting as his real mother (almost). By VERY NEAR, I mean body contact. The choices are: ¨ Put your puppy in a crate or pen with open lid right next to your bed, with your arm dangling down into the pen to cuddle your puppy to sleep, where he can see, hear and feel you. ¨ Put your puppy in bed with you – (NOT RECOMMENDED) This is difficult for multiple reasons: The puppy is not yet housebroken The puppy could fall off the bed and injure himself The puppy could chew up your bedding The puppy could start to think that the bed is HIS bed if you continue this past a few nights (however, it is still preferable to listening to him squall, or terrifying him by abandonment) ¨ Put your puppy’s crate right in the bed with you (this prevents accidents, chewing, or falling, and gets the puppy used to his crate. You can still open the door and stroke or cuddle the puppy. Once your puppy realizes that he merely has a new address, and that he has NOT been doomed to be locked up in a cold dungeon with no human contact for the rest of his life (what a dismal existence that would be!), he will not need to sleep on the bed with you, and his crate can be moved to another part of the house where it is more convenient for you. The puppy is going to spend a great deal of his time in the crate, until he’s old enough to be allowed full access to the house, unsupervised. So, you should put the crate where he can see you throughout the day as you move about the house. If, for some reason you are foolish enough to let the sweet little furniture-eating, carpet-soiling, electrical cord-chewing puppy loose to wreak havoc in the house, because you didn’t think you needed a crate, then don’t you dare be upset at HIM when the little cutie raids the garbage, shreds your possessions, craps on everything, and TP’s your house. The crate also acts as his personal playpen, keeping him from injuring himself doing things that little puppies have no business doing. Mothers can’t watch babies or puppies ALL the time, that’s why they gave us playpens (crates) to keep them contained out of harm’s way. Tossing the puppy outside is NOT the solution. Why did you get him in the first place? Even if you plan for him to be an “outdoor” dog, it is a good idea to socialize your puppy to being indoors, and potty train him, if later on in life he moves up in the world. This is the start of the socialization period where puppies need to meet as many kinds of new “nouns” (people, places, and things) as possible. This means more than just the company you might have over, or the immediate back yard. You must expose your puppy to all kinds of things in the world so that he will not fear them as an adult. The rule of Sevens says that you should introduce your puppy to AT LEAST seven new kinds of surfaces, seven new kinds of people, seven new kinds of foods, seven new kinds of sounds, and seven new places by the time he is 12 weeks old. All new situations should be introduced in a neutral or positive way—nothing frightening or hurtful. The puppy is experiencing his FEAR IMPRINT PERIOD between 8 and 9 weeks of age, and any traumatic encounters will stay with the puppy for his whole lifetime, if you allow them to occur. You may think about postponing ear-cropping surgery or other traumatic events until after the ninth week. You should introduce your puppy to safe, calm children, and supervise the interaction carefully. Do not let the child hurt or frighten the puppy. The best way not to let a child accidentally drop a puppy is to not let them pick it up in the first place. They don’t mean to drop it, but try to explain that to the poor puppy who is scarred for life, and now runs from children. Do not isolate the puppy from humans at this age. To do so will create a dog that is maladjusted for life, and one who is not a good candidate for the bond with humans which is a necessary part of training, and life in general with your dog. Now is the perfect time to reinforce the puppy’s natural desire to be clean in the house. The use of a crate, scheduled mealtimes, and a reward-based training regime will maintain the clean habits your puppy has already started to develop while with the litter. If you allow the puppy full access to the house, and do not supervise him, or do not make it beneficial for him to eliminate outside, you will cause the puppy to start to be confused about where to “go.” So many people complain that they just can’t get their puppy housetrained. But, after playing foster mom to several litters of young puppies, I have come to realize that the puppies have themselves potty-trained before they leave the litter. It’s when they get into their new homes that the new owners confuse the puppies about where they should go potty. The new owners often take a perfectly clean puppy and teach him to soil the house by doing everything all wrong. NOW is when you should begin training your puppy. DO NOT wait until the dog is 6 months old. The puppy is a learning “SPONGE” at this age, and to not give it structured training is to allow it to learn BAD habits. Puppies have a full adult brain at 49 days of age. There is absolutely no reason to wait longer than that to teach the puppy proper behavior. It is much easier to install correct behaviors than to let the puppy grow up like a wild savage and then try to “untrain” the bad behaviors later! In the past, I think people recommended that the training did not start until 6 months because many training classes used “punishment” methods to teach obedience. Now, we realize that positive methods are so much more effective. Even a tiny puppy can learn the basics of sit, down, stay, come and heel without even putting on a collar or leash! The dog no longer needs to be 6 months old to withstand the harsh corrections given out in the name of “training.” If you find a training class and discover that they use corrections to train, RUN AWAY! If they tell you that they use a “praise” method, also be very skeptical. Praise alone is meaningless for a puppy that does not speak English, and without pairing it with something positive (like food), it is worthless. Many punishment trainers use “praise” alone as a positive reinforcement. In this context, the praise takes on the meaning of a “no punishment” marker. It’s not really a positive reinforcement at all. It just means, “You’re not going to get jerked right now.” So the dog is still working to avoid aversives. With positive methods, the dog is rewarded with something he actually wants, as his reward (imagine that!). He will work very hard to receive this reinforcement and will soon be doing exactly what you ask (gleefully). No punishment required. For more information on positive training methods, see other articles on this web site. Keep on socializing your puppy up to 16 weeks of age. You should also continue to socialize your dog after that time, but it is never more important than the time period of between 8 to 12 weeks. You have a very brief window in which to get your dog acclimated to the big wide wonderful world. Don’t let the grass grow under your feet! Get that puppy out! Not just to the puppy class once per week, either. I mean really make an effort to introduce your puppy to as many positive situations as possible. Here’s a list: ¨ Take your puppy to the Vet when he doesn’t need a shot. Just hang out and feed cookies and have fun! ¨ Take your puppy to pet shops (most of them allow pets). You’ll meet a lot of dog-loving people who will be happy to introduce themselves to your pup. The puppy can possibly also meet other puppies and animals there. (Don’t take your puppy close to any “for sale” dogs at a pet shop—they come from puppy mills, and they are often very sick. They could transmit something to your puppy.) ¨ Take your puppy to a park (not a dog park—you don’t know what manner of germy, psychopathic dogs with inattentive owners are running out of control at a dog park). ¨ Take your puppy to a training class, or puppy playgroup. ¨ Take your puppy to daytime outdoor sporting events (for short periods) ¨ Take your puppy anywhere and everywhere that the proprietors will let him come in. The important thing is that the puppy needs to get out for more than just a walk in the woods (or around the block). He needs to meet new people, sights, sounds, smells and environments every day. You have to be particularly diligent about this if you have another dog in the house, or if you have adopted two young puppies at the same time. The puppies each need to spend time with you, separate from one another, so that bonding can occur. If they bond to each other, what do they need YOU for? Sixteen weeks and beyond... As I mentioned, you should continue to get your dog out to socialize with other dogs and people on a regular basis his whole life long. You don’t want him to forget important social skills and proper greeting behaviors. But you can never make up for a lack of socialization during that critical age of puppyhood (between 8 and 16 weeks). That’s why they call it critical. You may find your dog enjoys regular romps with some of his doggie buddies. Or, maybe he’d like to join a flyball team and become an athlete! He might enjoy a trip to dog camp with you. At the very LEAST, he’ll want to accompany you on vacation. If you socialize and train him well, this should not be a problem. Socialization is the KEY to a well-adjusted, calm and happy dog. Training is great, too, but contrary to the old “wives tale,” you CAN teach an old dog new tricks. You can’t, however, give an old dog the socialization he should have had as a puppy. Knowing what you now know about socialization, it should be clear that it would be optimal to adopt a puppy who has had proper early socialization. If the puppy’s past is unknown, as is often the case when you adopt a pup from a pet shop or a shelter, it’s a gamble. You could get lucky end up with a very confident dog, or you could get one who has many sensitivities (through no fault of its own). I’m not saying that shelter dogs are all automatically going to be liabilities. I’m just trying to emphasize the important role that early socialization plays. Please don’t misunderstand me… I’ve gotten “hate mail” over this. I’m just trying to share information that will help you choose a dog that will have the best chance to do well living with a human family. I would be remiss if I did not share this material with you. If you have already adopted a puppy with an unknown past, and are having good luck with it, good for you! If you didn’t have this information, and ended up with a dog that has many sensitivities, your life with this dog may be a little more challenging. I’m not telling you to give up on the dog. I’m not necessarily promoting professional breeders, either. I don’t breed, and the last two dogs I adopted were mixes. But, sometimes breeders take special care to give their puppies the best socialization possible. Some breeders (not all) understand the importance of keeping the litter together until 7 weeks of age so that they learn bite inhibition and same-species socialization. Not all breeders are responsible breeders. You don’t have to have any knowledge or training to breed a dog (unfortunately). Many people do not know the information contained in this article. If they did not see to the proper raising of the pups (up until 8 weeks of age), then you could be worse off than if you got a puppy with unknown early socialization history. My new bundle of joy is 13 weeks old as I write this. The breeder she came from raised the puppies outside. My guess is that food was given to the mother once a day, and that the puppies were not handled and cuddled much, or spoken to one-on-one by humans. While I don’t have to worry about her bite inhibition, because she stayed with the litter long enough to learn doggie social skills, I am going to have to work very hard to get her to pay attention to me, because I believe that she formed the early opinion that people are inconsequential and their words are meaningless. When students enroll in my obedience training classes, I require certain information on the intake form. One question I ask is, “what age was your puppy removed from the litter, and what age did you acquire your puppy?” If the answer is that the puppy was removed prior to 7 weeks of age, I automatically “red flag” that dog’s behavior profile. Chances are, that dog will end up biting someone, and when they do, it will not be an inhibited bite. I do not handle people’s dogs that have been removed from the litter too early. I also “red flag” any dog that was acquired after the age of 16 weeks, when the owner doesn’t know where and how the puppy spent his critical socialization period. For all we know, the pup could have been in a cage at a pet shop or puppy mill during much if not all of that period, being isolated from human contact except at feeding time. This is definitely not an optimal situation. People need to know this. Insurance companies need to know this. Instead of giving certain particular breeds of dog a bad rap for having a tendency to bite, people should face the fact that any fearful dog will bite. And the less socialized, the more fearful the dog will be. Instead of banning Pit Bulls and Rottweillers, for homeowner’s coverage, people should get a discount on their insurance coverage if they can determine that their dog was properly socialized! What do you do if you’ve ended up with one of those dogs who lacked the socialization he needed as a puppy? All is not lost. This article was meant to drive home the critical importance of early socialization, but I don’t want to alienate people who may already have a dog with a “social setback.” I would be remiss if I did not try to help you rehabilitate and resocialize your dog, but I’ll do that in another article. I just want to say this: Don’t give up on your dog! My favorite dog (an adorable Cattle Dog/Border Collie cross) in the whole world (next to my own dogs, of course), is such a dog. He was a raging monster. He “went off” when ever another dog came within 50 feet of him. His owner was beside herself. She enrolled him in my friend Brenda Aloff’s “Re-Socialization” class. The progress he has made brings tears to my eyes. Just this past weekend, I ran into them at an obedience trial, where he sat amongst hordes of dogs comfortably. He continues to go to resocialization class, and is the subject in many of the photos in Brenda Aloff’s new book, Aggression in Dogs (available at our online store). His owner continues to stay on top of things, and always carefully manages the dog’s environment. He has come an awfully long way. I never thought I’d see him sitting calmly at ringside at a dog obedience trial. My advice to you if you love such a dog is to seek the help of a knowledgeable, behavior consultant who uses positive reinforcement to rehabilitate dogs.Please read related article on this site: Adopting Dogs with “Issues” Children and Dogs
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All children would be taught to respect a dog’s space and never approach a dog without asking the owner (if there is one present). All dogs would be temperamentally sound, calm and stable around children, letting them into their personal space to poke and prod without fear or defensiveness. The first ideal is what dog owners would wish for. The second is what parents of small children would hope for. The fact is that neither one of these ideal situations is often the case in the REAL world. Most parents don’t take the time to educate their children in respecting animals and not approaching them at all or at least approaching them intelligently. And most dog owners don’t realize the importance of properly socializing their puppies to become well-adjusted, confident dogs who do not fear new environments, situations or people. The end result is that a lot of children are bitten by dogs. Society currently deals with bite prevention by talking to the kids in school for a half-hour each year on how not to get bitten, and by locking up (or euthanizing) “dangerous” dogs. This is a lot like trying to deal with crime prevention by teaching victims how not to get shot in a hold up, and locking bank robbers away in the penitentiary. It’s not going to save the people who have already been shot, and it doesn’t prevent the human race from pumping out more new bank robbers every year. This is what I want to address: The new bank robbers. But, since this is an article about dog training, we’re going to talk about potential biting dogs. Humans and dogs are driven by consequences. These bank robbers probably started out when they were 8 years old, stealing candy and gum from the corner store. Somehow, they got away with it (where were their parents?). So the child learns a lesson: “The consequence for stealing something, rather than paying for it, is that I get the candy, and I get to keep my money.” The child is beginning to develop a reward history for theivery. This goes on until, as an adult, this human becomes a felon—a menace to society—someone who must be locked up away from others to prevent harm to the innocent masses. The biting dog starts out at 8 weeks of age with the new owners. Like the child, his is a blank slate. If he experiences no positive interactions with SAFE, non-threatening children, or worse, is allowed to be subjected to groping, hurtful “attack children,” he will develop a fear or perhaps a strong dislike for children. Because he either doesn’t know what children are (never having been exposed to them during the critical period of socialization) and thinks they could harm him, or he KNOWS they are evil and he is SURE they will harm him (having been allowed to have a previous frightening consequence of being approached by children). Where were his “parents” during this critical stage of his development? The dog, like the child, is forming positive and negative associations, based on the consequences he has experienced in life. Obviously, if we want to have fewer dog bites, we need to stop leaving it up to the children not to get bitten. It is every dog owner’s responsibility to socialize their puppies to children and all other kinds of humans during the critical socialization period. Once this period is passed (after 16 weeks), you will make little or no impression on the beliefs your dog holds to be true about the universe. I can not stress this point strongly enough. Socialization of your puppy is the first step in becoming a responsible dog owner. If you are there to guide your pup though the critical stages of his socialization by introducing him to as many kinds of people, places, sights, sounds, smells and surfaces as possible in a positive and non-threatening way, your dog will not fear novel stimuli as an adult. At the same time, I implore all parents to please CONTROL young children. They are not capable of controlling themselves. During their early socialization periods, they simply do not know better than to do many “dumb” things. Any dog can bite. I know that insurance companies think that it is the “breed” (Pit Bulls and Rottweilers) that is responsible for the tendency to bite, but this is absurd. It is the fear from lack of socialization or bad early experiences that makes a particular dog a prime candidate for a defensive biting incident, not the dog’s breed. You can’t tell by looking at a dog what kind of socialization it has had as a puppy. Even the cute ones could be potential fear-biters, so parents need to keep their toddlers AWAY from all dogs, unless they know the dog and know how it will react to the sudden movements of the child. The dog that is near and dear to my heart must be watched like a hawk when small children are near. She would never go out of her way to go after a child. She wants to distance herself from children as much as possible. I must always be sure that she has an escape route when children are present. As long as she can get away, she has no need to defend herself from the “attack child.” When she was almost 9 weeks old (at the end of her fear imprint period), I had her out in a store trying to socialize her to as many new things as possible. The problem was that I had a broken leg and I was in a wheelchair at the time. A friend was holding my puppy’s leash, when suddenly an uncontrolled toddler came screaming at my puppy. The kid literally trampled my little baby puppy, as I watched from 20 feet away. To this day, she thinks that all toddlers are going to hurt her and kick and stomp her to death. Silly, I know, because she’s bigger than a toddler and should not be afraid, right? Wrong. What happens during a puppy’s critical socialization period stays with it for the rest of it’s life. I felt so bad that I wasn’t at the other end of the leash to get between the rampaging toddler and my innocent, impressionable puppy. Trust me, I would have done ANYTHING to deflect this child from inflicting permanent psychological damage on my puppy. If I could go back in time and change one event of my life, it would be that moment. Because, despite my best efforts to continually expose my dog to calm, safe, non-invasive children, she remains terrified at the sight or sound of an approaching toddler. |
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FATAL DOG ATTACKS"
The Stories Behind the Statistics
An Investigative Study into the Circumstances Surrounding Dog-Bite Related Human Fatalities from 1965 through the Present.
by Karen Delise
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Today’s media is filled with sensational headlines of dog attacks. Routinely quoted in these newspaper accounts are dated statistics from the Centers for Disease Control. The last CDC study released documented which breeds of dogs caused the most human fatalities from 1979 through 1998. While the CDC did an admirable job of studying fatal dog attacks, and went to great lengths to point out that irresponsible owners were the cause of most of these incidents, the media and lawmakers continue to use CDC statistics to substantiate claims that certain breeds of dogs are inherently more "vicious" than other breeds.
The result of sensationalizing individual incidents of severe or fatal dog attacks, included with the use of unexamined statistical "evidence" has created an unfortunate and inaccurate public and political perception as to the dangerousness and predictability of certain breeds of dogs. Despite enormous public and political interest in fatal dog attacks, there is no agency or organization that does investigative work (with the exception of this study) into each of the individual cases of fatal dog attacks and records the number and circumstances of fatal dog attacks on a continuous, yearly basis.
This study is conducted in an attempt to understand the human and canine behaviors that contribute to a fatal dog attack. Only in understanding the events and circumstances surrounding these incidents can we hope to prevent future tragedies.
STUDY FINDINGS:
After reviewing over 431 cases of fatal dog attacks it is apparent there is no single factor that translates in a lethal encounter between a person and a dog(s). A fatal dog attack is always the culmination of past and present events that include: inherited and learned behaviors, genetics, breeding, socialization, function of the dog, physical condition and size of the dog, reproductive status of dog, popularity of breed, individual temperament, environmental stresses, owner responsibility, victim behavior, victim size and physical condition, timing and misfortune.
While many circumstances may contribute to a fatal dog attack, the following three factors appear to play a critical role in the display of canine aggression towards humans;
It is necessary to emphasize that a fatal dog attack is an exceptionally unusual event. Approximating 20 deaths per year in a dog population of 53 million yields an infinitesimal percent of the dog population (.0000004%) involved in a human fatality.
THE BREED FACTOR
Many communities and cities believe that the solution to prevent severe and fatal dog attacks is to label, restrict or ban certain breeds of dogs as potentially dangerous. If the breed of dog was the primary or sole determining factor in a fatal dog attack, it would necessarily stand to reason that since there are literally millions of Rottweilers, Pit Bulls and German Shepherd Dogs in the United States, there would have to be countless more than an approximate 20 human fatalities per year.
Since only an infinitesimal number of any breed is implicated in a human fatality, it is not only unreasonable to characterize this as a specific breed behavior by which judge an entire population of dogs, it also does little to prevent fatal or severe dog attacks as the real causes and events that contribute to a fatal attack are masked by the issue of breed and not seriously addressed.
Pit Bulls in particular have been in a firestorm of bad publicity, and throughout the country Pit Bulls often bear the brunt of breed specific legislation. One severe or fatal attack can result in either restrictions or outright banning of this breed (and other breeds) in a community. While any severe or fatal attack on a person is tragic, there is often a tragic loss of perspective as to degree of dangerousness associated with this breed in reaction to a fatality. Virtually any breed of dog can be implicated in a human fatality.
From 1965 - 2001, there have been at least 36 different breeds/types of dog that have been involved in a fatal attack in the United States. (This number rises to at least 52 breeds/types when surveying fatal attacks worldwide). We are increasingly becoming a society that has less and less tolerance and understanding of natural canine behaviors. Breed specific behaviors that have been respected and selected for over the centuries are now often viewed as unnatural or dangerous. Dogs have throughout the centuries served as protectors and guardians of our property, possessions and families. Dogs have also been used for thousands of years to track, chase and hunt both large and small animals. These natural and selected-for canine behaviors seem to now eliciting fear, shock and a sense of distrust among many people.
There seems to be an ever growing expectation of a "behaviorally homogenized" dog - "Benji" in the shape of a Rottweiler. Breeds of dogs with greater protection instincts or an elevated prey-drive are often unfairly viewed as "aggressive or dangerous". No breed of dog is inherently vicious, as all breeds of dogs were created and are maintained exclusively to serve and co-exist with humans. The problem exists not within the breed of dog, but rather within the owners that fail to control, supervise, maintain and properly train the breed of dog they choose to keep.
CANINE AGGRESSION - AN OVERVIEW
It is important to emphasize that dogs bite today for the same reasons that they did one hundred or one thousand years ago. Dogs are no more dangerous today than they were a century or millennium ago. They only difference is a shift in human perception of what is and is not natural canine behavior and/or aggression and the breed of dog involved.
Examination of newspaper archival records dating back to the 1950’s and 1960’s reveal the same types of severe and fatal attacks occurring then as today. The only difference is the breed of dog responsible for these events. A random study of 74 severe and fatal attacks reported in the Evening Bulletin (Philadelphia, PA) from 1964-1968, show no severe or fatal attacks by Rottweilers and only one attack attributed to a Pit-Bull-type dog. The dogs involved in most of these incidents were the breeds that were popular at the time.
Over two thousand years ago, Plato extolled a basic understanding of canine behavior when he wrote "the disposition of noble dogs is to be gentle with people they know and the opposite with those they don’t know...." Recently, this fundamental principal of canine behavior seems to elude many people as parents allow their children to be unsupervised with unfamiliar dogs and lawmakers clamor to declare certain dogs as dangerous in response to an attack.
Any dog, regardless of breed, is only as dangerous as his/her owner allows it to be.
Addressing the issue of severe and fatal dog attacks as a breed specific problem is akin to treating the symptom and not the disease. Severe and fatal attacks will continue until we come to the realization that allowing a toddler to wander off to a chained dog is more of a critical factor in a fatal dog attack than which breed of dog is at the end of the chain.
Only when we become more knowledgeable, humane and responsible in our treatment of dogs can we hope to prevent future tragedies.
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LEARNING |
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HOW IT WORKS - WHY IT WORKS |
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Learning theory is broken down into two distinct learning patterns, Classical and operant conditioning. It is important to know exactly which one we are dealing with so we can adjust our training accordingly. CLASSICAL CONDITIONING In Classical Conditioning an association is formed between a neutral stimulus and a behavior. Once the association is made, the response is automatic, that is, there is no real thinking about it. If someone yells "LOOK OUT", you automatically duck your head, you don’t stop to think about what they are talking about. Classical conditioning works hand in hand with emotion and reflexes and is hard to control. OPERANT CONDITIONING Classical conditioning being an emotional response, operant conditioning is an analytical response having to do with cause and effect. It involves thinking and reasoning (if I do this, that happens - if I do that, this happens). This is the basis of our teaching of new behaviors. In learning theory, positive and negative do not mean good stuff and bad stuff, they mean addition or subtraction. Positive means adding something to effect behavior, and negative means removing something to effect behavior. There are four basic principles to operant conditioning. Positive Reinforcement: The addition of something to increase behavior. For example, in dog training, if I give a dog a treat for sitting, then the treat is being added to reinforce the sit. The dog will sit more eagerly to get the treat. In human life, If someone gets a paycheck for going to work, the paycheck is being added to reinforce showing up to work. The person will continue to show up for work to get the paycheck. Negative Reinforcement: The removal of something to increase behavior. Usually something unpleasant. For example, in dog training, if I shock a dog with a shock collar until he comes to me, he learns he can remove the shock by coming to me. In human life, If a parent gives in to a child because it is screaming, then the parent learns that he can remove the screaming if he gives in to the child. Positive Punishment: The addition of something to decrease behavior. Usually something unpleasant. For example, in dog training, if I shock a dog with a shock collar if he chases rabbits, he learns he can avoid the shock by not starting the chase. In human life, If we do not pay our taxes, we go to jail, so we learn that he can avoid jail if we pay our taxes.
Negative Punishment: The removal of something to decrease behavior. For example, in dog training, if I give a dog a treat for sitting straight, but nothing for a sloppy sit then the treat is being removed to punish a sloppy sit. The dog will sit straighter to get the treat. In human life, If someone gets a paycheck for going to work, and messes up so that their paycheck is docked, the paycheck is being removed to punish the infraction. The person will avoid doing that again so they will get the paycheck. AHA! you say. There are other possibilities to negative reinforcement and positive punishment. If the whole purpose is to avoid something, then we can do something like walk away from the screaming child, or to hide income where the I.R.S. can not find it (note to I.R.S. employees: I report all of my income - I’m not taking a chance, you guys scare me). Now you’re starting to get it. These are the methods of choice for traditional punishment based training. Just like with people, the methods do work, but they do not work as well, or as easily. The type of training that we use at Spring Canine employs positive reinforcement and negative punishment. In other words we train dogs by manipulating rewards instead of traditional ways of manipulating pain and force. This produces a dog that is striving to get something from you, a very willing participant! A very important thing to remember is that these things only work if reinforcements and punishments are timed properly. This not nearly as important with humans, we can explain to each other why things are happening. We can’t do this with dogs, because we can’t explain things to them. For a dog to understand what is happening, reinforcements and punishments need to be delivered within one half of one second. That is all the time you have. This is what separates average trainers from exceptional trainers. The better your timing, the faster your dog will learn because he will not be confused. Important note: The important thing to remember here is that since classical conditioning is involuntary and emotional it will overide operant conditioning every time. You need to treat classical problems on a classical level, not an operant level. This is the downfall of many trainers who try to treat fear aggression with punishments - it gets worse because they do not understand the associations that the dog is making. MOTIVATION, MOTIVATION, MOTIVATION This is the whole centerpiece of training. If we do not understand what is motivating your dog, then we are fighting a needless uphill battle. It is infinitely easier to teach your dog if you know what he is working for, and understand how training methods affect this motivation. Once we have this understanding, we can tinker with different methods for maximum effect. First, we can get rid of the whole desire to please thing. I know this is going to ruffle some feathers, but hear me out. Do you really think that dogs are born with the sole purpose of making humans happy? If this was the case, they would spend all day trying to make you happy and in the process become a major annoying pain in the butt. Also, if dogs sole motivation was to please humans, then we would not need to employ any other motivational tools such as training collars and food. If this is possible with dogs, it should be possible with humans. Think about it, do you produce at work just to make your boss happy. I doubt it. You like to see you boss being happy because you have learned that if you boss is happy, then your day goes a whole lot easier. Plus, if you were working to please then you would not need that paycheck. If you can honestly say that you would go to work as you are without the paycheck, then you are the ultimate employee. What good trainers learn to use to their advantage is the dog’s motivation. By manipulating and controlling the motivating factors, you can adjust training strategies accordingly. You can also use competing motivation (i.e. distractions) to your advantage. By understanding how your dog views different motivational factors, you can actually use a distraction to get your dog to work for you. the above information was copied from http://www.forpitssake.org/frame.html |
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IF YOU HAVE READ THRU SOME OF THE PRESCEDING INFORMATION AND FEEL THAT THE APBT IS THE RIGHT DOG FOR YOU THEN TAKE THE TIME TO FILL OUT THE QUESTIONAIRE I HAVE.
Things To Be Considered When Purchasing A Pet!
If you want someone who will bring you the paper without first tearing it apart to remove the sports section .
If you want someone willing to make a fool of himself simply over the joy of seeing you.
If you want someone who will eat whatever you put in front of him and never says its not quite as good as his mother made it.
If you want someone always willing to go out, at any hour, for as long and wherever you want.
If you want someone who will never touch the remote, doesn't give a damn about football, and can sit next to you as you watch romantic movies.
If you want someone who is content to get up on your bed just to warm your feet and whom you can push off if he snores.
If you want someone who never criticizes what you do, doesn't care if you are pretty or ugly, fat or thin, young or old, who acts as if every word you say is especially worthy of listening to, and loves you unconditionally, perpetually.
But, on the other hand, If you want someone who will never come when you call, ignores you totally when you come home, leaves hair all over the place, walks all over you, runs around all night and only comes home to eat and sleep, and acts as if your entire existence is solely to ensure his happiness.


Life Lessons From A Dogs Point Of View
1. If you stare at someone long enough, eventually you'll get what you want.
2. Don't go out without ID.
3. Be direct with people; let them know exactly how you feel by pissing on their shoes.
4. Be aware of when to hold your tongue, and when to use it.
5. Leave room in your schedule for a good nap.
6. Always give people a friendly greeting. A cold nose in the crotch is most effective.
7. When you do something wrong, always take responsibility (as soon as you're dragged shamefully out from under the bed).
8. If it's not wet and sloppy, it's not a real kiss.

Why Dogs Don't USe Computers
1. They can't stick their heads out of Windows 2000. 2. The fetch command not available on all platforms. 3. It's too hard to read the monitor with your head cocked to one side. 4. It's too difficult to "mark" every website they visit. 5. They can't help attacking the screen when they hear "You've Got Mail." 6. They keep bruising noses trying to catch that MPEG frisbee. 7. They are still trying to come up with an "emoticon" that signifies tail-wagging. 8. They are waiting for the introduction of the Microsoft Opposable Thumb. 9. Three words: Carpal Paw Syndrome 10. Cause dogs ain't GEEKS! But cats, on the other hand... 11. Saliva-coated mouse gets mighty difficult to manuever. 12. Butt-sniffing more direct and less deceiving than online chat rooms. 13. TpO HAqRD TO TgYPE WITyH PAzWS.

THE HOUSE RULES
1. The dog is not allowed in the house.
2. Okay, the dog is allowed in the house, but only in certain rooms.
3. The dog is allowed in all rooms, but has to stay off the furniture.
4. The dog can get on the old furniture only, but has to stay off the new couch.
5. Fine, the dog is allowed on all the furniture, but is not allowed to sleep with the humans on the bed.
6. Okay, the dog is allowed on the bed, but only by invitation.
7. The dog can sleep on the bed whenever he wants, but not under the covers.
8. The dog can sleep under the covers by invitation only.
9. The dog can sleep under the covers every night.
10. Humans must ask permission to sleep under the covers with the dog.

10 DOG PEEVES ABOUT HUMANS
1. Blaming your farts on me... not funny... not funny at all!
2. Yelling at me for barking... I'M A FRIGGIN' DOG YOU IDIOT!
3. Taking me for a walk, then not letting me check stuff out. Exactly whose walk is this anyway?
4. Any trick that involves balancing food on my nose... stop it!
5. Any haircut that involves bows or ribbons. Now you know why we chew your stuff up when you're not home.
6. The sleight of hand, fake fetch throw. You fooled a dog! Whoooohoooooooo what a proud moment for the top of the food chain.
7. Taking me to the vet for "the big snip", then acting surprised when I freak out every time we go back!
8. Getting upset when I sniff the crotches of your guests. Sorry, but I haven't quite mastered that handshake thing yet.
9. How you act disgusted when I lick myself. Look, we both know the truth, you're just jealous.
10. Dog sweaters. Hello?? Haven't you noticed the fur?

A MEMO TO ALL DOGS
Dear Dogs,
When I say to move, it means go someplace else, not switch positions with each other so there are still two dogs in the way.
The dishes with the paw print are yours and contain your food. The other dishes are mine and contain my food. Please note, placing a paw print in the middle of my plate and food does not stake a claim for it becoming your food and dish, nor do I find that aesthetically pleasing in the slightest.
The stairway was not designed by Nascar and is not a racetrack. Beating me to the bottom is not the object. Tripping me doesn't help, because I fall faster than you can run.
I cannot buy anything bigger than a king size bed. I am very sorry about this. Do not think I will continue to sleep on the couch to ensure your comfort. Look at videos of dogs sleeping, they can actually curl up in a ball. It is not necessary to sleep perpendicular to each other stretched out to the fullest extent possible. I also know that sticking tails straight out and having tongues hanging out the other end to maximize space used is nothing but doggy sarcasm.
My compact discs are not miniature Frisbees.
For the last time, there is not a secret exit from the bathroom. If, by some miracle, I beat you there and manage to get the door shut, it is not necessary to claw, whine, try to turn the knob, or get your paw under the edge and try to pull the door open. I must exit through the same door I entered. In addition, I have been using bathrooms for years, canine attendance is not mandatory.
The proper order is kiss me, then go smell the other dogs butt. I cannot stress this enough. It would be such a simple change for you.
(All the above was borrowed off of the Nitro Pit Bull Site)