Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are among the most common infections in the
STDs affect both men and women of all ages and different socio-economic backgrounds. Recently, STDs have become more common, partly because young people are more sexually active at a younger age and are having multiple partners. Often, infected individuals pass STDs to their sexual partners even when they themselves do not have any symptoms. Frequently, STDs cause no symptoms, especially in women. Health problems from STDs tend to be more severe for women than for men.
Some STDs can cause pelvic infections that may lead to scarring of the reproductive organs, which can result in an ectopic pregnancy (a pregnancy outside the uterus) and infertility for women. STDs in women may be related to cancer of the cervix. STDs can be passed from a mother to her baby before, during, or immediately after birth. Because the method of becoming infected is similar with all STDs, a person can easily pick up more than one infection at a time. Experts believe that having an STD that is not AIDS increases one's risk for becoming infected with AIDS.
STD stands for Sexually Transmitted Disease. These are diseases caused by a pathogen (e.g. virus, bacterium, parasite, fungus), transmitted between humans mainly through sexual intercourse (vaginal sex, oral sex, anal sex). These diseases were known as "venereal diseases" until the 1990s: Veneris is the Latin genitive (possessive) form of the name Venus, the Roman goddess of love. Nowadays, newer terms like sexually transmitted diseases (STD) or sexually transmitted infections (STI) have been introduced in order to make the warning more clear to the public.
STD incidence remains high in most of the world, despite diagnostic and therapeutic advances that can rapidly treat patients with many STDs noninfectious and cure most. In addition, worldwide dissemination of drug-resistant bacteria (as penicillin-resistant gonococci) reflects misuse of antibiotics and spread of resistant clones by modern mobile populations. The effect of travel is most dramatically illustrated by the rapid spread of the AIDS virus from Africa to Europe and the Americas in the late 1970s.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs), commonly called Venereal Diseases ("VD"), include the various infections transmitted through sexual contact in which body fluids are shared. Sexual contact is any type of intimate contact involving the penis, vagina, mouth, or anus. Some STDs are more communicable than others, some cannot be cured and all of them can be transmitted even when a person has no symptoms. A person may be infected with the same STD more than once because you usually do not become immune to them. Not only can you be re-infected with the same STD, you may also have more than one STD at the same time.
In 1996, World Health Organization estimated that more than one million people were being infected daily. About 60% of these infections occur in young less than 25 years of age, and of these 30% are less than 20 years. Between the ages of 14 and 19, STDs occur more frequently in girls than boys by a ratio of nearly 2:1; this equalizes by age 20. An estimated 340 million new cases of syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia and trichomoniasis occurred throughout the world in 1999.
Commonly reported prevalence of STDs among sexually active adolescent girls both with and without lower genital tract symptoms include chlamydia trachomatis (10-25%), neisseria gonorrhea (3 to 18%), syphilis (0 to 3%), trichomonas vaginalis (8 to 16%), and herpes simplex virus (2 to 12%). Among adolescent boys with no symptoms of urethritis, isolation rates include chlamydia trachomatis (9 to 11%) and neisseria gonorrhea (2 to 3%).
STD stands for Sexually Transmitted Disease. These are diseases caused by a pathogen (e.g. virus, bacterium, parasite, fungus), transmitted between humans mainly through sexual intercourse (vaginal sex, oral sex, anal sex). These diseases were known as "venereal diseases" until the 1990s: Veneris is the Latin genitive (possessive) form of the name Venus, the Roman goddess of love. Nowadays, newer terms like sexually transmitted diseases (STD) or sexually transmitted infections (STI) have been introduced in order to make the warning more clear to the public.
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The estimated total number of people living in the US with STD is over sixty-five million. Every year, there are approximately fifteen million new STD cases.
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Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, Chancroid, Trichomoniasis, bacterial vaginosis (BV), and Genital Herpes std treatment is indicated for sex partners if the last sexual encounter was within 60 days. std treatment of Chlamydia is indicated for patients being treated for Gonorrhea, and vice versa. (It is common to have these two STD infections together) If STD diagnosis is not confirmed, then empiric triple antibiotic std treatment is advocated for the most common STDs - chlamydia treatment, gonorrhea, and trichomoniasis. Triple STD antibiotic regimen: Doxycycline 100 mg twice a day / 10 days; Cipro XR 500mg or 1000mg one single dose (or Levaquin, or Tequin); and Metronidazole 500 mg twice a day for 10 days.
doxycycline is a member of the tetracycline antibiotics group and is commonly used to treat a variety of infections. doxycycline is a semi-synthetic tetracycline invented and clinically developed in the early 1960s by Pfizer Inc. and marketed under the brand name Vibramycin. Vibramycin received FDA approval in 1967, becoming Pfizer's first once-a-day broad-spectrum antibiotic. Other brand names include Monodox, Periostat, Vibra-Tabs, Doryx, Vibrox, Adoxa, Doxyhexal and Atridox (topical doxycycline hyclate for Periodontitis).
Metronidazole is a nitroimidazole anti-infective medication used mainly in the treatment of infections caused by susceptible organisms, particularly anaerobic bacteria and protozoa. It is marketed by Pfizer under the trade name Flagyl in the US, while Sanofi-Aventis markets metronidazole globally under the same tradename, Flagyl, and also by various generic manufacturers, who sell it at a lower price. metronidazole is also used as a gel preparation in the treatment of the dermatological conditions such as rosacea (Rozex and Metro-Gel by Galderma) and fungating tumours (Anabact, Cambridge Healthcare Supplies).
Metronidazole is a prodrug. It is converted in anaerobic organisms by the redox enzyme pyruvate-ferredoxin oxidoreductase. The nitro group of metronidazole is chemically reduced by ferredoxin (or a ferredoxin-linked metabolic process) and the products are responsible for disrupting the DNA helical structure, thus inhibiting nucleic acid synthesis.
Metronidazole is selectively taken up by anaerobic bacteria and sensitive protozoal organisms because of the ability of these organisms to reduce metronidazole to its active form intracellularly.
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Ciprofloxacin (aka cipro) is the generic international name for the synthetic antibiotic manufactured and sold by Bayer A.G. under the brand names cipro, ciproxin and ciprobay (and other brand names in other markets, e.g. veterinary medicine), belonging to a group called fluoroquinolones. Ciprofloxacin (cipro) is bacteriocidal. Its mode of action depends upon blocking bacterial DNA replication by binding itself to an enzyme called DNA gyrase, thereby causing double-stranded breaks in the bacterial chromosome.
STD treatment: Chlamydia, gonorrhea, Chancroid, trichomoniasis, Bacterial Vaginosis (BV), and Genital Herpes STD treatment is indicated for sex partners if the last sexual encounter was within 60 days. STD treatment of Chlamydia is indicated for patients being treated for Gonorrhea, and vice versa. (It is common to have these two STD infections together) If STD diagnosis is not confirmed, then empiric triple antibiotic STD therapy is advocated for the most common STDs - Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, and Trichomoniasis. Triple STD antibiotic regimen: Doxycycline 100 mg twice a day / 10 days; Cipro XR 500mg or 1000mg one single dose (or Levaquin, or Tequin); and Metronidazole 500 mg twice a day for 10 days.
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