Introduction:
This site will contain free e-books and articles concerning everything from science to different religion and beliefs.
Suggestions of topics and content is always welcome. When it comes to fresh content, it is a bit hard to acomplish, simply beacuse many of these documents are thousands of years old. However, I can guarantee You that herein will be found a lot of stuff that You have never seen before!
In general, I will gather all kind of documents, articles and books that have been published throughout the centuries about different kind of interesting things. As different prophecies, UFO's, anomalies and more like that. The important thing is that they shall be FACTS not fiction. Well, it may be hard to say about the prophecies and some of the religious stuff. But it IS a fact that they have been written. ;)
My aim is to make available complete texts as they were originally written, not as the world sees them today after several translations. Too often a fact starts out as a stupid mistake or misreading by some weirdo who make a lot of people believe that he/she is the only one knowing the true thruth. I sincerily believe that a human being is capable of thinking and making up own opinions about things for herself, and as long as there are enough material to base that opinion ON it most likely should be a quite good opinion.
For comments and/or suggestions, please leave a message in the Guestbook. Or, if You are the shy kind, send an e-mail to rarebooks@mail.com . This is the adress I use during the initial setup of these pages, and I check it twice a day.
Once again, welcome. Take Your time browsing around and have fun!
Ben Ferm, webmaster
INDEX
New: - The Complete Memoirs of Napoleon by: Louis Antoine Fauvelet de Borrienne AND Who was Who: 5000 B. C. to Date: Biographical Dictionary of the Famous and Those Who Wanted To Be, edited by Irwin L. Gordon. Both are PDF- files.
- The Maps of Piri Reis, Philippe Buache and Oronteus Finaeus.
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- The Easy way to write. Unique and popular writers resource.
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The Dresden Codex
A large part of the pre-Columbian Maya book known as the Dresden Codex is concerned with an exploration of commensurate relationships among celestial cycles and their relationship to other, nonastronomical cycles of cultural interest. As has long been known, pages 43b-45b of the Codex are concerned with the synodic cycle of Mars. New work reported here with another part of the Codex, a complex table on pages 69-74, reveals a concern on the part of the ancient Maya astronomers with the sidereal motion of Mars as well as with its synodic cycle. Two kinds of empiric sidereal intervals of Mars were used, a long one (702 days) that included a retrograde loop and a short one that did not. The use of these intervals, which is indicated by the documents in the Dresden Codex, permitted the tracking of Mars across the zodiac and the relating of its movements to the terrestrial seasons and to the 260-day sacred calendar. While Kepler solved the sidereal problem of Mars by proposing an elliptical heliocentric orbit, anonymous but equally ingenious Maya astronomers discovered a pair of time cycles that not only accurately described the planet's motion, but also related it to other cosmic and terrestrial concerns.
The Dresden Codex is found, complete, here: http://www.famsi.org/mayawriting/codices/dresden.html . The file is 95,7 MB big, so I do not at the moment have room for it. :( I really need to upgrade my freeweb account...
By Will Kalif [ 24/02/2007 ]
There has been a long-standing debate about Medieval Knights. Were they chivalrous and gallant caretakers of their peasants? Or were they vicious and cruel thugs who ruled their people with an iron hand?
The answer to that question is both! But I don’t mean at the same time. Medieval Knights changed over the course of centuries and this change was more than just in their combat techniques, tactics, weapons and armor. They also changed in their attitudes of how they handled their people and how they approached forming and maintaining their lands and kingdoms.
The Early Knights
The period we consider to be the Dark Ages, which started in the 5th century with the fall of Rome, was a very dark time for all of Europe. And it was also a very dark time for the reputation of the Knight. Most of Europe was fragmented into pieces. Trade and prosperity came to a halt, plague hit the continent, and many invading armies came from both the north and the south. To make matters worse, all of Europe was fighting within itself. Small kingdoms were pitted against each other in constant war that lasted for centuries. This overall environment of difficulty, war, and poverty was the breeding ground for Knights that were cruel and unjust. It was a symptom of the times that the only code of the Knight was the code of force. Force was the way that most of the continent acted. It was the predominant way someone could gain and control power, land, wealth and people. Knights from these early centuries were probably very barbaric and bad by today’s standards.
The Rise of Christianity
In the 10th through 12th centuries the behavior of Knights began to change. The Catholic Church was rising in power and it was exerting its power and its tenets over people. In the early centuries many Knights, kings and lords joined with the rising power of the church with their own agendas in mind, but the tenets of the religion in as far as treating people better began to make a foothold into the continent.
The Launching of the Crusades
In 1095 the first crusades were launched. This marked the end of the Dark Ages and the beginning of a new period of Medieval Europe. It began the process of bringing all of Europe together under one leadership. This brought to an end the centuries long warring between small lordships in Europe and this allowed the re-establishment of trade and the return of peace to the continent. It also firmly established the culture and beliefs of the Catholic Church into the social structure of the land. These beliefs included many things including the concepts of killing as a bad thing and that a person of privilege should treat the poor with dignity. Following the religion of Christianity became the most important aspect of a Knight’s life and it is in these later centuries of the Middle Ages when Knights began to change and become more chivalric and good by today’s standards.
We can never really know for certain exactly how things were a thousand years ago. Every Knight was surely different, and to know whether a Knight was villainous or chivalric we would have to look at each one individually. But we do know that the early centuries of the Middle Ages were a difficult and barbaric time and Knights were probably likewise barbaric. And we do know that over the centuries the continent of Europe was transformed into a peaceful place with a religion to live by. And Knights followed this religion. Over these centuries chivalry and a code of conduct slowly evolved and took root in the culture of Europe, and the code of conduct of the Knight.
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