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The Junior Reserve Officer's Training Corps began with the passage of the National Defense Act of 1916. This Act authorized high schools to acquire federal military equipment and hire active and/or retired military personnel to serve as instructors. The stipulation to keeping an active program is to follow a prescribed course of training and maintain a minimum enrollment of 100 students over the age of 14. At its inception, the JROTC course consisted of three hours of military instruction per week for a period of three years. Any JROTC graduate who completed this course of military instruction was authorized a certificate of eligibility for a reserve commission to be honored at age 21 (although this provision was allowed to lapse after World War I as the need for reserve officers declined). When the United States entered the conflicts in 1917 however, there were few resources to spare for the JROTC program. Between 1916 and 1919, the Army established units at only 30 schools. About 45,000 students enrolled in JROTC during the 1919-1920 school year.
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