Early life

Dahmer was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. At age eight, his family moved to Bath, Ohio, near Akron. From his earliest youth he was extremely shy and, according to his father, was molested by a neighbor. He collected dead animals and showed signs of necrophilia, but this was revealed only at his trial. He was also a closeted alcoholic and homosexual and suffered from extremely low self-esteem. His parents divorced when he was in his teens. He committed his first murder at the age of 18, killing a young man, Steven Hicks, he had invited to his house because Dahmer "didn't want him to leave."

He later attended college but performed poorly. His father convinced him to join the military, and he appeared to recover some vitality as he became an army medic. In 1988, however, he was arrested for sexually fondling a 13-year-old boy, for which he served one year in a work release camp and was required to register as a sex offender. Shortly afterward, he began the string of murders that ended with his arrest in 1991.

Murders

Most of his victims were African American men whom he subjected to sexual assaults. His main goal was for a completely compliant sexual partner, essentially making necrophilia his motivation for killing. He achieved notoriety after his arrest following the discovery of several decaying bodies in acid vats in his apartment. Severed heads were found in his refrigerator and an altar of candles and human skulls were found in his closet. Accusations soon surfaced that Dahmer had practiced necrophilia and cannibalism. Dahmer admitted to eating the biceps of his eighth victim, Ernest Miller, whose skeleton he also kept, noting that human flesh "tasted like beef" to him.

Dahmer reportedly had a history of abandonment and feared loss and rejection. After a bitter divorce, his mother left with his brother, David, leaving Dahmer behind on the assumption that his father would care for him. However, his father had previously left as well, refusing to speak with his wife, with each not knowing the other's whereabouts. Dahmer, at 17 having just graduated high school and without money, was left alone in a home with no food and a broken refrigerator. It is thought that these feelings of abandonment, filtered through his mental illness, created the internal logic that allowed him to justify his actions to himself. Parallels with the British serial killer Dennis Nilsen are often drawn.

Many people were outraged to learn that Milwaukee police returned one of Dahmer's naked, dazed, bleeding but yet still alive victims, Laotian teenager Konerak Sinthasomphone, to Dahmer after Konerak had managed to escape from his captor in 1991. Sinthasomphone did not speak English, and Dahmer convinced officers that the 14-year-old boy was his adult 19-year-old homosexual lover. Later that night, Dahmer dismembered Sinthasomphone and kept his skull as a souvenir. (It is notable that Konerak Sinthasomphone was the younger brother of the boy Dahmer molested in 1988.)

John Balcerzak (Elected president of the Milwaukee Police Association union in May 2005)and Joseph Gabrish, the two police officers who returned Sinthasomphone to Dahmer were terminated from the Milwaukee Police Department after their actions were widely publicized. The officers had never checked the boy's ID, had joked on the way back to the station about the "homosexual lovers" and about "getting deloused," and had not noticed the smell of the decaying body Dahmer had hidden in his apartment nor the drill holes already in Sinthasomphone's head. The two officers appealed this termination and were reinstated with back pay. The two officers were named officers of the year by the police union for fighting a "righteous" battle to regain their jobs.

On July 22, 1991, with handcuffs still attached to one wrist, another man, Tracy Edwards, was able to successfully escape from Dahmer's apartment and flag down a police squad car. Police were led back to Dahmer's apartment where the remains of eleven victims were found. Dahmer reportedly scuffled with police trying to arrest him as the remains were being discovered. After being charged with fifteen counts of murder, he entered a plea of not guilty by reason of insanity. On February 17, 1992, a court rejected his plea of insanity and sentenced Dahmer to fifteen consecutive life sentences, which required a minimum of 936 years' imprisonment. Wisconsin does not have capital punishment.

Dahmer served his time at the Columbia Correctional Institute in Portage, Wisconsin. In 1994, fellow inmate Christopher Scarver, a double murderer, beat Dahmer and another inmate, Jesse Anderson, to death with a lead pipe in the prison while all three were on work detail cleaning a bathroom. Scarver stated that he was the "son of God" and was acting out his "father's" commands to kill Dahmer and the other inmate during cleaning duties. Some believe, however, that race played a role in Scarver's motivation, as most of Dahmer's victims were black, and Anderson had killed his wife and blamed it on a black man. Shortly before his death, Dahmer had been rebaptized into Christianity.

His father refused to grant permission for his son's brain to be examined for scientific research. Though willing to help the case study of his son in other ways, he declined this particular request on religious grounds. Dahmer's father wrote a book, A Father's Story, in 1994 about what he saw as his failure to reach his son, as well as the effect Dahmer's crimes had on his family.

The movie Jeffrey Dahmer: The Secret Life was released in 1993, starring Carl Crew as Dahmer. In 2002, the biopic Dahmer, starring Jeremy Renner in the title role, premiered in Dahmer's hometown. The film, which portrayed Dahmer in a human, if not sympathetic, light, met with protest from the victims' families, and quickly went to video. In a 2004 article in 3DShroom Magazine, Dahmer was described as the "most pitied serial killer in American history." The article described Dahmer's life as pathetic in comparison to less repentant killers like Ted BundyJohn Wayne Gacy. and

American heavy metal band Macabre have written a concept album about Jeffrey Dahmer titled Dahmer.

Victims

John Wayne Gacy, Jr., (March 17, 1942 – May 10, 1994) was an American serial killer. He was convicted and later executed for the rape and murder of thirty-three boys and men, 28 of whom he buried in his crawl space, between 1972 and his arrest in 1978. He became notorious as the "Killer Clown" because of the many block parties he attended, entertaining children in a clown suit and makeup.

Life

Gacy was born and raised Catholic in Chicago, Illinois. He had a very troubled and distant relationship with his stern, abusive father. He worked briefly in Las Vegas, Nevada, before returning to Illinois. He attended a business college and began a moderately successful career as a shoe salesman in Springfield, Illinois, where he became a prominent member of the Jaycees. In 1964 he married and moved to Waterloo, Iowa, where he managed a Kentucky Fried Chicken restaurant belonging to his wife's family.

However, Gacy's first marriage fell apart after he was convicted of child molestation. He was sent to prison for this crime; after he was released, he moved back to Illinois. He successfully hid this criminal record until police began investigating him for his later murders.

In 1975, he bought a house in an unincorporated area surrounded by the Chicago neighborhood of Norwood Park, living there with his widowed mother, and established his own construction business, PDM Contracting. He married a woman he had known since high school, and his and her two daughters moved in with him and his mother moved out. He became a prominent and respected member of the community. In addition to his clown act, he became a committee member for the Democratic Party. In this capacity, he was even able to meet and be photographed with then-First Lady Rosalynn Carter.

It was also during this time that he claimed his first known victim, a teenage boy he picked up at a bus depot. His marriage fell apart and his wife divorced him in mid-1976. Gacy began a double life: respected member of the community by day, sexual predator and murderer by night.

No suspicion fell on him until late 1978, when he was investigated following the disappearance of a teenage boy, Robert Piest, who was last seen with Gacy. A search of his house, by Des Plaines detective Joseph Kozenczak, revealed a number of incriminating items related to other disappearances. In December 1978 Gacy went to the police and confessed. He claimed he had first killed in January 1972. He confessed to 33 murders, indicating where the bodies were in 28 of the cases—buried under his house. The other five he said were thrown into the Des Plaines River. Most of the victims were young male prostitutes. Some victims were also teenage boys whom Gacy had hired through his contracting firm. Bodies were uncovered from December 1978 to April 1979, when the last known victim was found downstream in the Illinois River.

Trial and Execution

On February 6, 1980, Gacy's trial began in Chicago. During the trial, he made a plea of not guilty by reason of insanity. However, this plea was rejected outright—his lawyer made the claim that Gacy had moments of temporary insanity at the time of each individual murder, but before and afterwards, somehow regained his sanity to properly lure and dispose of victims. Also, Gacy had made an earlier confession to police, and was unable to have this pulled as evidence. He was found guilty on March 13 and sentenced to death.

On May 10, 1994, Gacy was executed in Stateville Penitentiary near Joliet, Illinois, by lethal injection. His execution was a minor media sensation, and large crowds of people gathered for "execution parties" outside the penitentiary, with numerous arrests for public intoxication, open intoxicants and disorderly conduct. In a display of what has been called "shocking bad taste," vendors sold T-shirts and Gacy merchandise, and the people cheered at the moment when Gacy was pronounced dead.

Gacy's execution also proved problematic when the chemicals used in the lethal injection were mixed in a way that caused them to solidify, and as a result, he reportedly took 27 minutes to die (afterwards, Illinois adopted a different method of lethal injection). However, since Gacy was so universally hated, this was not investigated. It has even been speculated that officials purposely botched his execution in an attempt to prolong his pain.

According to reports, Gacy did not express remorse. His last words were to the effect that killing him would not bring anyone back, and he is reported to have said "You can kiss my ass," to a guard while he was being sent to the execution chamber.

Some have pointed to his poor relationship with his abusive, alcoholic father, his head trauma and subsequent blackouts in his teenage years as some basis for his acts. There has also been some speculation that murdering men and boys — whom he called "worthless little queers and punks" — was Gacy's expression of self-hatred for his own homosexuality.

After his execution, Gacy's brain was removed. It is currently in the possession of Dr. Helen Morrison, who interviewed Gacy and other serial killers in an attempt to isolate common personality traits held by such people. However, an examination of Gacy's brain after his execution by the forensic psychiatrist hired by his lawyers revealed no abnormalities. She has said Gacy did not fit into any psychological profile associated with serial killers, and the reasons for his rampage will probably never be known.

During his time on Death Row, Gacy took up oil painting, and his favorite subject was painting portraits of clowns. He claimed to have used his clown act as an alter ego, once sardonically saying that "A clown can get away with murder." After his execution, his paintings were sold at auction. Reportedly, the main buyer destroyed the paintings after winning the bids. Another of his famous paintings is of transgressive punk rock singer/songwriter/performance artist GG Allin, who had visited Gacy in prison and corresponded with him until Allin's death in 1993; the painting is in the possession of Allin's brother and bassist, Merle Allin, and a black and white reproduction of the painting can be seen on the front cover of the soundtrack to the GG Allin documentary Hated.

Cultural References

Writer Stephen King is speculated to have used Gacy as the template for the killer clown "Pennywise" in his novel It. Macabre have written a song about Gacy titled "Gacy's Lot"; it appears on the Sinister Slaughter album. Fear Factory has also written a song about Gacy titled "Suffer Age" on the Soul of a New Machine album. The American band Dog Fashion Disco has also written a song about Gacy titled "Pogo the clown" featured on their album Committed to a bright future. BathoryOctagon. The keyboardist of Marilyn Manson, Madonna Wayne Gacy (Stephen Bier), adopted his last name. Mad Season was called The Gacy Bunch before changing their name. A metal band has also written a song about Gacy titled "33 Something" featured on their album

The large Los Angeles-based pro wrestling federation XPW featured a major wrestling character known as "Pogo the Clown", who dressed like Gacy and was featured in vignettes playing with and abducting young boys.

It has become a running joke that people with the middle name of "Wayne" become criminals. For example, the humorous news column News of the Weird regularly includes a section where it lists off the names of recently convicted criminals, all men with the middle name of "Wayne."

The highly sensationalized case also led to macabre jokes at the time, such as, "Why was it so cold in John Gacy's house? Because of the 28 below in the basement!"

John Wayne Gacy was programmed as one of one-hundred and eighty-three personalities within SID 6.7, the nanotech android from the 1995 film Virtuosity. In a deleted scene from the film, SID 6.7 goes into a costume shop asking for a clown suit. A clip from this scene can be seen in the film's trailer.

In his 2005 album Illinois, Sufjan Stevens has a song entitled "John Wayne Gacy, Jr.", a poignant ballad that explores his crime and personality, and psychology.

Inevitably, Gacy was later immortalized on screen by two different actors. Brian Dennehy portrayed John Wayne Gacy in the television miniseries To Catch A Killer in 1992. There was also a Hollywood biopic called Gacy with character actor Mark Holton in the title role, which went straight to video in 2003. The film focused on Gacy near the end of his horrendous crimes, and a young man (a composite character) living under his roof without the knowledge of what his landlord is.

The prison (and even the cell) where Gacy was held is being used as the set for Fox's Prison Break.

Charles Milles Manson (born November 12, 1934) was the leader of a group of young followers of both sexes, known collectively as "The Family", in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Manson convinced the youths of his apocalyptic vision and still has a considerable amount of control over some of the former family members who are still alive. He planned and ordered the family to commit several brutal murders, most notably the movie actress Sharon Tate who was pregnant at the time. He was convicted of murder in what came to be known as the "Tate-La Bianca case", named after the victims, although he was not accused of committing the murders in person. He is currently serving a life sentence in a California prison and is up for parole in 2007; due to his erratic and arguably dangerous and insane behavior, it is highly unlikely he will ever be released.

Since his trial and conviction, Manson's name and image have been integrated into American pop culture generally as a symbol of ultimate evil. Both have been used by many artists (mostly musicians). He was also friends with several notable musicians before the murders were commited, including Dennis Wilson of The Beach Boys, and is a relatively unsuccessful musician himself whose songs have been covered by many artists.

Life

Manson was born Charles Milles Maddox in Cincinnati, Ohio. His last name was subsequently changed to Manson, after his (largely absentee) father, William Manson. As a child, he attended Walnut Hills High School. When he was thirteen, his mother, Kathleen Maddox (an alcoholic and a prostitute), attempted to put him in a foster home. When she was unable to find one for him, he ended up at Gibault School for Boys, a reform school in Terre Haute, Indiana. Within a year he ran away and back to his mother, who still wanted nothing to do with him. He began living on the streets, supporting himself by theft. He quickly escalated from minor to federal offenses, which carried far stricter punishment. Prior to the killings, he spent more than half his life (around 17 years) in Federal prison —at one point in 1967 asking not to be released.

In 1951, after a string of arrests and escapes, Manson was sent to federal prison for driving a stolen car across state lines. By the end of 1952, he had eight assault charges against him. He was transferred to another facility where he became a model inmate, and was released in 1954.

In January of 1955, Manson married 17-year-old Rosalie Jean Willis, and decided to move to California. Soon after the wedding, Manson stole a car and was arrested. Willis became pregnant in April. Manson's parole was revoked in 1956 when he missed a court date. Soon after his arrest, Willis gave birth to their son, Charles M. Manson, Jr. (d. 1993; suicide at age 38). She then left town with a truck driver and their son.

His prison and probation reports showed a consistent message:

(1950-52) "Tries to give the impression of trying hard although actually not putting forth any effort ...marked degree of rejection, instability and psychic trauma ... constantly striving for status ... a fairly slick institutionalized youth who has not given up in terms of securing some kind of love and affection from the world ... dangerous ... should not be trusted across the street ... homosexual and assaultative tendencies ... safe only under supervision ... unpredictable ... in spite of his age he is criminally sophisticated and grossly unsuited for retention in an open reformatory type institution"; (1958-59) "Almost without exception will let down anyone who went to bat for him ... an almost classic case of correctional institutional inmate ... a very difficult case and it is almost impossible to predict his future adjustment ... a very shaky probationer and it seems just a matter of time before he gets into further trouble".

Manson was paroled in 1958 after serving two years of a 3-year sentence. In 1959 he was arrested again for passing stolen checks. Once again, he was given probation which was revoked nine months later. During his probation, he met a woman named Leona, whom he married.

On June 1, 1960, Manson was arrested for solicitation of prostitution. He was ordered to serve his 10-year suspended sentence for passing stolen checks at the federal prison on McNeil Island in Washington state. Soon after his arrest, Leona gave birth to his second son, Charles Luther Manson. While at McNeil, Manson was a cellmate of notorious 1930s bank robber Alvin Karpis who taught Manson to read music and to play the guitar.

Manson was finally released March 21, 1967 against his own expressed wish to remain in prison. Whilst in prison or on probation, he had raped another inmate at razor point, stolen cars, pimped inmates, and forged federal checks. His prison reports continued with the same message:

(1961-62) "He hides his resentment and hostility behind a mask of superficial ingratiation ... even his cries for help represent a desire for attention with only superficial meaning"; (1964) "Pattern of instability continues ... intense need to call attention to himself ... fanatical interests"; then finally, (1966) "Manson is about to complete his ten-year term. He has a pattern of criminal behavior and confinement that dates to his teen years ... little can be expected in the way of change."

After the release Manson requested permission to move to the Haight-Ashbury section of San Francisco, California, where he would start recruiting his "Family."

"The Family"

By 1967, when he was finally released, Manson had spent most of his adult life in prison, mostly for offenses such as car theft, forgery and credit card fraud. He also worked some time as a pimp. He gathered a group of younger followers, which Vincent Bugliosi referred to as the Family, a commune bound together by fanatical loyalty to Manson, and a negation of all conventional moral precepts.

He soon afterwards moved to San Francisco, at first basing himself and the Family in the seaside community of Haight-Ashbury and then taking over an unused ranch in the western San Fernando Valley formerly used to make western movies, the Spahn Ranch. Inspired by the Beatles' song "Helter Skelter" and other songs from the White Album, he became convinced of an impending race and nuclear war, based on Biblical prophecy in the Book of Revelation.

He implied to his followers that he was Jesus, saying he had died before, some 2,000 years ago. However, when asked directly in court he said, "I may be Jesus Christ. I haven't yet decided who I am." Around the time the family was formed, he is said to have begun calling himself by a slightly different name, Charles Willis Manson (his real name was "Charles Milles Manson"), allegedly because it could be read symbolically as "Charles' Will Is Man's Son". He had also been strongly influenced by Scientology and, it is hypothesized, a more obscure cult known as the Process Church (also known as the Church of the Final Judgement). He is also known to have rubbed shoulders with the Church of Satan, the Circe Order of Dog Blood and the Four Pi Movement [1].

Although only a few members of "the Family" came to national attention, the Family itself seems to have been quite a significant size; estimates of up to 100 people (of varying degrees of involvement) associated with the Family have been quoted beyond the "hard core" of around 30.

The Killings

On the night of August 9, 1969, Manson directed some members of the Family to commit homicide. The members tasked with the killings were Charles "Tex" Watson, Patricia Krenwinkel, and Susan Atkins. At or around midnight, they entered the grounds of the Beverly Hills home of the film director Roman Polanski and his wife Sharon Tate. Polanski, who was in London working on a film, had asked friends to stay with Tate, who was seven and a half months pregnant. Before entering the house, they shot dead Steven Parent, an 18-year-old friend of Tate's gardener, who was leaving the property and had unwittingly seen the intruders. Linda Kasabian expressed horror at the murder of Parent and was told to remain outside and keep watch while the others entered the house. They assembled the four occupants of the house into the living room where they were tied together. Jay Sebring, a noted hairstylist and friend of the Polanski's was visiting, and when he attempted to defend Tate, he was shot by Watson who then kicked him several times in the face. Wojciech Frykowski and Abigail Folger, who were staying in the house until Polanski's return from London, were able to escape from the living room and were each pursued as they ran onto the front lawn. Quickly overtaken by the attackers, Frykowski was bludgeoned about his head and stabbed to death; Folger was stabbed numerous times until she too was dead. Tate remained in the living room and begged for the life of her unborn baby. Susan Atkins later testified that she had replied "Look bitch, I have no mercy for you. You're going to die and you'd better get used to it", before stabbing her to death. Before leaving the house Atkins used a towel to soak up some of Sharon Tate's blood and then used it to write "PIG" on the front door.

Linda Kasabian, who had acted as the getaway driver later received immunity for submitting evidence against the group. She told Manson, "I'm not like you, I can't kill," and evinced shock and horror at finally seeing the pictures of the killings in court.

The following night in the Los Feliz section of Los Angeles, California, wealthy supermarket executive Leno LaBianca and his wife Rosemary were also killed in their home, once again by members of the Family (Watson, Krenwinkel and Leslie Van Houten). On this occasion, Manson apparently went along to "show them how to do it" with less tumult, and pacified the victims, tying them up before returning to the car to tell his followers to commit the killings. There was no apparent connection between the victims, but the crimes were prosecuted by Los Angeles assistant district attorney Vincent Bugliosi in a single trial.

Members of the Manson Family had previously been responsible for the death of Gary Hinman, a high school music teacher in nearby Topanga Canyon, and were suspected of other homicides. They claimed a total of some 35 killings, not counting those after the trial, of which several were considered likely or plausible, but most were not tried either for lack of evidence or because the perpetrators were already sentenced to life for the Tate/La Bianca killings.

Barker Ranch, in California's Mojave Desert, is known as the last hideout of Manson and his "family" during and after the gruesome Los Angeles murder spree. The local county sheriff department and National Park Service officers had captured Manson and his group in 1969 on suspicion of trespassing and vandalism. At the time of the Manson arrests, the officers were unaware of who they had in custody. They wanted to prosecute the persons responsible for vandalizing a portion of the Death Valley National Park further north, not even knowing that they had a serial murder suspect and his followers.

Possible Motive

The murders were on the surface motiveless and unconnected to Manson, but some key motives were later identified. Manson was highly hostile to society, pathologically so, and wanted revenge. Manson got a "kick" out of death and control. During the trial, one witness commented that "he [Manson] doesn't know about love... love is not his trip. Death is his trip".

Manson had been rejected by the music industry and wanted revenge. In the spring of 1968, Charles was introduced to record producer Terry Melcher, son of actress Doris Day, by Dennis Wilson of the Beach Boys, who had picked up a couple of the Family members as they were hitchhiking. Manson and the Family moved into Wilson's house, where they lived for a year, and the Beach Boys recorded a song Manson wrote, calling it 'Never Learn Not to Love'. At the time, Melcher and his girlfriend, actress Candice Bergen, were living at the Tate house, and it was there Manson met him. Manson auditioned for Melcher, but Melcher decided not to sign him to a contract. Although Manson knew that Melcher and Bergen had moved to Malibu, Bugliosi suggested that he targeted the house because it represented his rejection by the show business community he wanted to enter, and that it was of no interest to him who his actual victims would be. It is also rumoured Manson auditioned for the Monkees but got rejected, but this is an urban legend as he was in prison at the time of the auditions in 1965-66.

The killers were attempting to clear the blame from Bobby Beausoleil. This was a motive stated by the killers during interviews with them, featured in a 1972documentary. They claimed that the motive for the murders was to clear fellow Family member Bobby Beausoleil, whom they described as a brother to them. Stating that they were willing to sacrifice their lives, (meaning the death penalty) to clear his name, they committed copycat murders to cast doubt on Bobby's guilt. This motive was substantially discredited during the penalty phase of the trial, where it became apparent that the "free Beausoleil" motive was contradicted by other testimony of the killers. Additionally, despite declaring they would die for Manson, the other accused claim to have waited until the main trial was over and the death penalty was being discussed, and then only on redirect, to introduce this as a motive. It was dismissed by the prosecution as an attempt to clear Manson by means of the other defendants taking the blame) Manson film

Manson had come to believe Armageddon was imminent, in the form of a global race war, and believed he was destined to be the ultimate beneficiary of it. Manson viewed race war as imminent, describing it as Helter Skelter, "all the wars that have ever been fought, piled on top of each other". He told his followers that this was imminent, but that there was a secret underground world reached by a hole underneath the desert, where they would wait out the war in bliss. He described this many times, and it was a part of their communal belief, so much so that they stocked up supplies and searched for the hole prior to the crimes. Blacks would win the war, but be unable to run the world through lack of experience, and the Family would therefore emerge and run it for them as a benevolent autocracy, with Manson at the head of this new world order. The war would be triggered by "some black people coming out of the ghetto and doing atrocious crimes... killings... writing things in blood." However, by summer 1969, Manson was heard to say that the blacks did not know how to start their role in this war, so he would have to show them.

Although all four were possible motives, in the trial the prosecutor placed the latter as the main motive, despite its unusual nature. There have been claims that the prosecution abandoned the third motive in favor of Helter Skelter, which they purportedly made up in order to connect Manson to the murders. This view has not had much support.

Trial

The two cases were not well researched by police, principally due to rivalries between the Tate team (older) and the La Bianca team (younger), in which the Tate team were not readily open to suggestions that the two cases were connected. As a result of this, Bugliosi himself played a significant and active role in gathering the evidence needed to convict.

Ronald Hughes, a young lawyer with an extensive knowledge of 1960s counterculture but no trial experience, was the final state-appointed attorney for defendants Manson and Van Houten (several other attorneys were appointed and then dismissed during the trial). He suggested to Manson that he should obtain a different attorney for himself, Irving Kanarek, and continued to defend Van Houten, apparently so that he could defend Van Houten more effectively. He hoped to show that Van Houten was acting under the influence of Manson, and to portray Manson as controlling her actions. This may have cost Hughes his life. In late November 1970, Hughes went camping near Sespe Hot Springs. He disappeared, and his decomposed body was discovered four months later. It is thought that other members of the Family killed him in reprisal for impugning Manson in court; one member of the Family described this as "the first of the retaliation killings".

On March 6, 1970, Manson released an album titled Lie to help finance his defense. The album was put out by ESP Records and included the song that had previously been recorded by the Beach Boys.

During the trial Manson and his followers courted media attention. Manson appeared at the trial with a x embossed onto his forehead using a knife. This was copied by his followers the next day. The pattern was modified several times and copied by his followers each time. Eventually the pattern was turned into a swastika and is now a permanent scar.

Although Manson himself was not present at the Tate/La Bianca killings, he was convicted of first degree murder on January 25, 1971, for ordering and directing them, and on March 29 was sentenced to death. The death sentence was later automatically commuted to life in prison after the California Supreme Court's People v. Anderson decision resulted in the invalidation of all death sentences imposed in California prior to 1972. The killers, giggling in court, were asked if they felt remorse, and gave answers that indicated they did not.

Aftermath

The Family survived the incarceration of Manson. After his arrest, Lynette "Squeaky" Fromme, one of Manson's shrewdest, toughest and most obedient followers, effectively took command of the management of the Family in his absence. With a handful of other followers, mostly women, she perched on the steps of the Los Angeles courthouse during the trial, shaved her head to protest his conviction and, copying Manson, gouged an X into her forehead as a sign of loyalty. She later explained: "We have X'ed ourselves out of this world."

On November 13, 1972, Michael Monfort, James Craig, Priscilla Cooper, Nancy Laura Pitman and Lynnette Alice "Squeaky" Fromme were held for the murder of James T. Willett and his wife.

On September 5, 1975, Fromme unsuccessfully attempted to assassinate U.S. President Gerald R. Ford in Sacramento. "Time" article Sept. 15 It appears that, although she managed to get close to Ford, by mistake the chamber of her Colt .45 pistol was empty. She was heard to say, "It didn't go off. Can you believe it? It didn't go off!" She stated she had committed the crime so that Manson would appear as a witness at her trial, and thus have a worldwide platform from which to talk about his apocalyptic vision. She escaped prison in December 1987, apparently to try to reach California and Manson, but was recaptured two days later.

Manson gave two notable interviews in the 1980s: the first on 13 June 1981 at Vacaville Prison by Tom Snyder for NBC's The Tomorrow Show, and the second at San Quentin Prison by Charlie Rose for CBS News Nightwatch (aired 7 March 1986). Rose's interview won the national news Emmy Award for "Best Interview" in 1987. [2]

Manson remains imprisoned to this day, (as of 2005), and all of his applications for parole have been denied, most notably in 1986 when he appeared before the parole board with a swastika embossed on his forehead. During his stay in prison, Manson has received more mail than any other prisoner in the United States prison system. It is said that he gets over 60,000 pieces of mail a year, much of it fan mail from young people hoping to join the Family. He currently resides in California's Corcoran State Prison.

News cuttings and other material related to the Manson family and the activities of its members from 1969 - 2005 here.

Media influence

Manson himself was involved in the production of several music albums including his Lie: The Love & Terror Cult (Performance 1970). Brian Warner (aka Marilyn Manson), probably the most notable artist influenced by Manson, has composed several songs related to Manson, one of these being "The Beautiful People", which is a blatant reference to one of Manson's murders, in which he wrote "How does it feel to be one of the beautiful people?" in blood on the victim's front door. This line originally comes from the Beatles' song Baby You're a Rich Man on Magical Mystery Tour.

Hundreds of musicians have recorded songs related to Manson. These include: Neil Young's "Revolution Blues" is likely the best known, perhaps because he knew Manson, Joni Mitchell's "Same Situation" make a reference to him, "the Lord on death row", The Ramones reference Manson on "Glad To See You Go", the opening track of their 1977 album Ramones Leave Home, Devo have been accused of plagarizing portions of Manson's song "Mechanical Man" for their song of the same name. In 1982, Boston hardcore punk band Negative FX featured a picture of Charles Manson, with their logo digitally "carved" into his head, on their self-titled LP. It also featured pictures of manson family members on the back. This caused much controversy at the time. In 1985, experimental rock band Sonic Youth released the song "Death Valley 69" which was inspired by the Manson murders. In cooperation with director Richard Kern they produced a video clip for the song in which part of the band members were involved in gory scenes.

White Zombie attempted to incorporate samples from Manson's Geraldo Rivera interview on their La Sexorcisto: Devil Music, Vol. 1 album track "Warp Asylum", but were denied permission to use them, reportedly by Manson's lawyers. System of a Down wrote the song "ATWA" on their Toxicity album about the media's viewpoints on Manson. (ATWA is an acronym used by Manson, meaning both "Air-Trees-Water-Animals" and "all the way alive."). Ozzy Osbourne recorded "Bloodbath in Paradise" on his "No Rest for the Wicked" album about the California murders. Transgressive punk rock performance artist GG Allin covered Manson's song "Garbage Dump" on his 1987 album You Give Love A Bad Name. Allin can be seen wearing a Charles Manson T-shirt on the cover of the album. Redd KrossThe Lemonheads have both covered Manson's song "Cease To Exist". Guns N' Roses drew the most notice when they recorded "Look At Your Game Girl" which is a hidden track after the last song on Guns N' Roses' last album (cover album), authored by Manson. This move was made by Axl Rose after meeting the shock rocker Brian Warner who told him about Manson's Lie album and explained how he sampled one of his songs "Mechanical Man" using some lyrics which he reworked into the track "My Monkey" on his first album. The track can be found on Portrait of an American Family. Part of the profits would have gone to him but legal action diverted them to victim Frykowski's son, instead. Brian Warner (aka Marilyn Manson) took the second half of his stage name from Manson. Industrial band Skinny Puppy also used samples in the song "Worlock" pairing them with samples from the The Beatles song "Helter Skelter". He also apears on the album cover for "Rabies" featuring the song. Alkaline Trio have also recorded a song called "Sadie" relating to Manson and the Family. It appears on both their BYO Records split with the band One Man Army and on their 2005 cd "Crimson". and

Florida death metal band Deicide recorded a song in which Manson is the primary subject, entitled "Lunatic of God's Creation". English doom metal band Paradise Lost refer to Manson (unsympathetically) on their album "Draconican Times". On the track "Forever Failure" a sample of Charles Manson's voice is used from the British television documentary "Charles Manson - The Man Who Killed The Sixties". Necrophagia (Phil Anselmo from Pantera) includes a "Charles Manson meditation film" on their DVD "Through the Eyes of the Dead." Another English band from Leicester, Kasabian, take their name from the family member. Manson is often referred to in rap music as well, most notably by Ice Cube in the title track of the N.W.A. album Straight Outta Compton ("Here's a murder rap to keep you dancin'/With a crime record like Charles Manson.") A Portuguese band, Mão Morta, has a song named Charles Manson. Of the many rumors of David Allan Coe, one of them is that he taught Manson how to play guitar in prison. On U2's album, "Rattle and Hum", the song "Helter Skelter" begins with Bono saying: "This is a song Charles Manson stole from The Beatles. We're stealing it back.". John Moran The Manson Family: An Opera with Iggy Pop; Produced by Philip Glass

The Tate-La Bianca Murders have been dramatized in movies several times, most notably in 1976's Helter Skelter, starring Steve Railsback as Manson, and its 2004TV movie remake, which starred Jeremy Davies as Manson, Bruno Kirby as Bugliosi, and Clea DuVall as Kasabian.

Charles Manson also appeared as a cartoon character in a South Park episode, "Merry Christmas Charlie Manson".

Parole hearings

Of the eight Manson "family" members convicted in the nine murders that law enforcement was able to establish, only one, Steve (Clem Tufts) Grogan, has been paroled. Grogan, convicted in the killing of Donald (Shorty) Shea, was released in 1985 having served 13 years, after showing the authorities where Shea's previously undiscovered remains were buried in 1979. This was in part supported by a letter from Superior Judge Burton Katz, who had prosecuted the case and praised Grogan's later cooperation.

In 2000, a judge ordered the parole board to justify Van Houten's continued incarceration, citing that in effect sentencing her to life without parole was not an authorized sentence. An appeal court found that the seriousness of the crime had been appropriately weighed by the parole board, and upheld the denial of parole on that occasion. The 4th District Court of Appeal ruled that the state Board of Prison Terms had made a "serious, deliberate and thoughtful" decision in June of 2000 when it denied Van Houten parole for the 12th time. The appeals court said the board had used the correct standard when it found that the seriousness of Van Houten's crime, which she committed when she was 19, outweighed her rehabilitation behind bars. "We find ample evidence that the crime was of such a heinous, atrocious and cruel character that this factor alone justified the board's determination that Van Houten was unsuitable for parole," the court said.

Fromme, eligible for parole since 1985 following the 1975 incident, has consistently waived her right to a hearing, presumably to show solidarity with Manson.

Manson was last entitled to a parole hearing in 2002, and was denied early release, in particular due to a "litany" of offenses ranging from drug trafficking to arson2007. However, he is never expected to be granted parole. to assaulting guards. He is next eligible for parole in

The Boston Strangler is the pseudonym given to a serial killer active in Boston, Massachusetts (United States) in the early 1960s.

Between June 14, 1962, and January 4, 1964, thirteen single women between the ages of 19 and 85 in the Boston area, including Beacon Hill, were murdered. All thirteen women were murdered in their apartments, strangled with articles of clothing after being sexually assaulted. Without any sign of forced entry, the women apparently either knew their assailant or voluntarily let him into their homes.

While the police were not convinced that all of these murders were the work of a single individual, the public believed so. Despite police efforts to solve the case, it was the alleged Strangler who caused his own capture.

On October 27, 1964, a stranger entered a young woman's home posing as a detective. He tied his victim to her bed, proceeded to sexually assault her, and suddenly left, saying "I'm sorry" as he went. The woman's description led police to identify the assailant as Albert Henry DeSalvo (September 3, 1930–November 26, 1973), and when his photo was published, many women identified him as the man who had assaulted them. Earlier that night, he had posed as a motorist with car trouble and attempted to enter a home in Bridgewater, Massachusetts. The homeowner, future Brockton police chief Richard Sproles, became suspicious, and eventually fired a shotgun at DeSalvo. At this point, DeSalvo was not suspected of being involved with the stranglings. It was only after he was charged with rape that he confessed in detail his activities as the Boston Strangler. However, there was no evidence to substantiate his confession. As such, he stood trial for earlier, unrelated crimes of robbery and sexual offences. DeSalvo was sentenced to life in prison in 1967 and was murdered six years later in his cell.

Lingering doubts remain as to whether DeSalvo was indeed the Boston Strangler. At the time that he confessed, people who knew him personally did not believe him capable of the vicious crimes (granted that it is common for people who personally knew a serial killer to have never suspected the killer to be capable of such violence). In the case of Mary Sullivan, murdered January 4, 1964, at age 19, DNAforensic evidence gathered nearly forty years later by her nephew Casey Sherman and published in his book A Rose for Mary (2003) suggested that DeSalvo was not responsible for her death. There are also suggestions from De Salvo himself that he was covering up for another man, the real killer. and other

DeSalvo was the subject of the 1968 Hollywood film The Boston Strangler, starring Tony Curtis as DeSalvo, and Henry Fonda and George Kennedy as the homicide detectives who apprehend him. The movie was highly fictionalized; it assumed DeSalvo was guilty, and portrayed him as suffering from multiple personality disorder and committing the murders while in a psychotic state. DeSalvo was never diagnosed with, or even suspected of having, that disorder.

In 1971, DeSalvo was commended by the Texas House of Representatives as being "officially recognized by the state of Massachusetts for his noted activities and unconventional techniques involving population control and applied psychology." Texan legislator Tom Moore had introduced the measure to demonstrate the lack of legislative scrutiny.