The telephone or phone (Greek: tele = far away and phone = voice) is a telecommunications device which is used to transmit and receive sound (most commonly voice and speech) across distance. Most telephones operate through transmission of electric signals over a complex telephone network which allows almost any phone user to communicate with almost any other.
Telephone1896 Telephone (Swedish)An elementary telephone system would consist of three elements:
the equipment located at each subscriber which converts sound to electrical signals and back, and which allows the subscriber to answer or initiate a call,a central switching facility which interconnects all the subscriberswiring or other means to connect the subscriber to the central switching facility.There are three principal ways a subscriber may be connected to the telephone network:
Historically, and still very commonly, by dedicated physical wire connections run in overhead or underground cables;By radio, as in a cordless, cellular, satellite or radiotelephone andBy voice over internet protocol (VoIP) telephones, which use broadband internet connections. Europe home VoIP phone service lets you use your existing broadband Internet connection to make phone calls over the Internet and includes unlimited calling minutes in the U.Between end users, transmissions across a network may be carried by fiber optic cable, land line cable, point to point microwave or satellite relay.
Until relatively recently, a "telephone" generally referred only to landlines. Cordless and mobile phones are now common in many places around the world, with mobile phones expected to gradually displace the conventional landline telephone. Unlike a mobile phone, a cordless telephone is considered to be landline because it is only useable within a short distance of a small personal or domestic base station connected to a fixed phone line.
The identity of the inventor of the electric telephone remains in dispute. Antonio Meucci, Johann Philipp Reis, and Alexander Graham Bell, amongst others, have all been credited with the invention.
The very early history of the telephone is a confusing morass of claim and counterclaim, which was not clarified by the huge mass of lawsuits which hoped to resolve the patent claims of individuals. What you will find below are the best local also use this service as your home phone. Much money was expended, particularly in the Bell Telephone companies, and the aggressive defense of the Bell patents resulted in much confusion. Additionally, the earliest investigators preferred publication in the popular press and demonstration to investors instead of scientific publication and demonstration to fellow scientists. It is important to note that there is probably no single "inventor of the telephone". The modern telephone is the result of work done by many hands, all worthy of recognition of their addition to the field. Only in the last ten years, however, has the British government announced that it now recognises (primarily for educational purposes) Antonio Meucci (see below) as the 'first inventor' of the telephone.
Further information: Timeline of the telephone and Invention of the telephoneThe following is a brief summary of the history of the invention of the telephone:
1849 Antonio Meucci, an Italian living in Havana, demonstrates a device later called a telephone. (The demonstration involves direct electrical connections to people. Shop online for exclusive deals and free shipping. )Innocenzo Manzetti, a fellow Italian living in Aosta, invents an eye-rolling, flute playing automaton. 1854 Charles Bourseul publishes a description of a make-break telephone transmitter and receiver but does not construct a working instrument. 1854 Meucci demonstrates an electric telephone in New York. [1]1860 Johann Philipp Reis demonstrates a make-break transmitter after the design of Bourseul. 1860 Meucci demonstrates his telephone on Staten Island. 1861 Reis manages to transfer voice electrically over a distance of 340 feet, see Reis' telephone. 1864 In an attempt to give his automaton a voice, Manzetti invents the 'Speaking telegraph'. S. He shows no interest in patenting his device, but it is reported in newspapers worldwide. 1865 Meucci reads of Manzetti's invention and writes to the editors of two newspapers claiming priority and quoting his first experiment in 1849. He writes "I do not wish to deny Mr. Manzetti his invention, I only wish to observe that two thoughts could be found to contain the same discovery, and that by uniting the two ideas one can more easily reach the certainty about a thing this important. " If he reads Meucci's offer of collaboration, Manzetti does not respond. 1871 Meucci files a patent caveat (a statement of intention to patent). 1872 Elisha Gray founds Western Electric Manufacturing Company. Cingular Wireless offers free cell phones, cell phones and cell phone plans. 1874 Gray demonstrates his liquid transmitter telephone at the Highland Park Presbyterian Church. 2 June 1875 Alexander Graham Bell first transmits voice. 1 July 1875 Bell first uses a bi-directional capable telephone (Both the transmitter and the receiver were identical membrane instruments. )14 February 1876 Bell files his first patent on the telephone. Two hours later Gray files his patent caveat. After reading of Bell's patent Manzetti recalls a visit from a Mr. A. Calculate Savings. G. Bell and family, probably to see his talking automaton. "It seems Mr. Bell has passed to me while I was doing my first experiments. I should have his visiting card, yet. "30 January 1877 Bell patents the electro-dynamic transmitter, receiver telephone. 4 March 1877 Emile Berliner invents the microphone. You can find quick tips, troubleshooting guides, and Frequently Asked Questions.The history of additional inventions and improvements of the electrical telephone includes the carbon microphone (later replaced by the electret microphone now used in almost all telephone transmitters), the manual switchboard, the rotary dial, the automatic telephone exchange, the computerized telephone switch, Touch Tone® dialing (DTMF), and the digitization of sound using different coding techniques including pulse code modulation or PCM (which is also used for. WAV,. AIF files and compact discs).
Newer systems include IP telephony, ISDN, DSL, mobile cellular phone systems, cordless telephones, and the third generation cell phone systems that promise to include high-speed packet data transfer.
The industry has divided into telephone equipment manufacturers and telephone network operators (telcos). Operating companies often hold a national monopoly. Home phone service and business long distance service by ValuePlus Communications allows you to save on long distance. In the United States, the Bell System was vertically integrated. It fully or partially owned the telephone companies that provided service to about 80% of the telephones in the country and also owned Western Electric, which manufactured or purchased virtually all the equipment and supplies used by the local telephone companies. The Bell System divested itself of the local telephone companies in 1984 in order to settle an antitrust suit brought against it by the United States Department of Justice.
In 1926 Bell Labs and the British Post Office engineered the first two-way conversation across the Atlantic.
The first commercial transatlantic telephone call was between New York City and London and occurred on January 7, 1927.
The Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) has gradually evolved towards digital telephony which has improved the capacity and quality of the network. End-to-end analog telephone networks were first modified in the 1970s by upgrading long-haul transmission networks with SONET technology and fiber optic transmission methods. With Lingo you can save up to 80% on your traditional home phone service with Lingo's home VoIP calling plans and lots of features all included for one low price. Digital transmission made it possible to carry multiple digitized switched circuits on a single transmission medium (known as multiplexing). While today the end instrument remains analog, the analog signals reaching the aggregation point (Serving Area Interface (SAI) or the central office (CO) ) are typically converted to digital signals. Digital loop carriers (DLC) are often used, placing the digital network ever closer to the customer premises, relegating the analog local loop to legacy status.
While the term "wireless" means radio and can refer to any telephone that uses radio waves, it is primarily used for cell phones. In the United States wireless companies tend to use the term wireless to refer to a wide range of services while the cell phone itself is called a mobile phone, mobile, PCS phone, cell phone or simply cell with the trend now moving towards mobile.
The changes in terminology is partially due to providers using different terms in marketing to differentiate newer digital services from older analog systems and services of one company from another.
Cordless telephones, first invented by Teri Pall in 1965, consist of a base unit that connects to the land-line system and also communicates with remote handsets by low power radio. Get local and long distance phone service, DSL Internet, Cingular Wireless, &
DIRECTV service from BellSouth. This permits use of the handset from any location within range of the base. Because of the power required to transmit to the handset, the base station is powered with an electronic power supply. Thus, cordless phones typically do not function during power outages. Initially, cordless phones used the 1. 7 MHz frequency range to communicate between base and handset. Because of quality and range problems, these units were soon superseded by systems that used frequency modulation (FM) at higher frequency ranges (49 MHz, 900 MHz, 2. 4 GHz, and 5. Verizon Wireless: America's most reliable wireless network. 8 GHz). The 2. 4 GHz cordless phones can interfere with certain wireless LAN protocols (802. 11b/g) due to the usage of the same frequencies. On the 2. 4 GHz band, several "channels" are utilized in an attempt to guard against degradation in the quality of the voice signal due to crowding.
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