poet
my world sems to be a bright when i find my best friend on my side
the beauty and smartness that lies within my self he finds it easily and just so well
he is my star that guides me every where
Iam like his minnow who prattles here and there
he call me a rogue in his moving life coupon
i sheem him because i know the jokes offen
my inner thoughts says, he is my bosom friend
He comforts me in my difficult times and bends
when i engage my self in skirmish in a slapdash way
he always fries to make my life eassy
And i stand behind him always so dizzy
my friend is like bouquest in my life
And leads to streengthen the relations to thrive
''Thank you'' is the least i can say to him
he is an arbifer in my life that was some time dim
Iam lucky to him as my best friend
And i cherish the moments i spend with him
AUTHOR
PALLARAJASEKHAR
CAREER GUIDE
MANAGING INTERVIEWS YOUR WAY :-
Significance of interview needs no elaboration. As Interviews are inevitable, we should prepare well to achieve our objective and climb up the ladder. At the outset, it is pertinent to mention that the major portion of the interview can well be managed your way. Management has become part and parcel of our life, any thing and every thing can be managed well if one's approach is methodical. Let me assure you, if you plan your preparations systematically, do your homework properly, nothing can stop you to manage the outcome of interviews your way.
v Endeavour has been made in this article to discuss some of the important aspects where candidates generally go wrong on aspects which are left out unprepared. I recently interviewed young graduates & postgraduates which has further sounded me to share my experience for the benefit of aspiring interviews.
Biodata/Resume/Curriculum Vitae (CV)
v The importance of preparing a bio data form or filling up application form carefully and meticulously can not be over emphasized. It must be remembered that questions in interviews flow from this document. It is very important to fill in all the columns carefully and not consider anyone of them as unimportant; even the minutest detail should be filled properly. The employer receives thousands of applications, your CV/resume should stand out/draw attention of the employer to be short listed for the interview. The following should be ensured :
m Quality of paper should be good bond paper, avoid photostat paper.
m There should be no spelling mistakes, get it checked by a second/third person.
m Details should be clear & easy to read.
m CV /resume should preferably be in one page, in any case not more than two pages.
m It should be presented in such a manner that it gives brief overview of yourself, high-lights your main skills and personal attributes, gives your core areas of competence.
m Resume/CV should preferably be forwarded under well drafted covering letter.
m Most importantly it should motivate the reader to know more about you
v Interview Call "Congratulat-ions" you have successfully crossed over initial hurdle in the selection process. Receipt of call letter indicates you have been short listed among hundreds/thousands of applicants on the basis of your qualifications/experience presented in your CV/resume. The real battle starts now, it has been experienced that there are generally gaps found at the time of interview in the skills/ experience projected and actual. One has to make all out endeavour to take account of each word mentioned in CV/Resume. For example if you have mentioned "You are adaptable to changing circumstances, you should be prepared to substantiate with situations/circumstances which confirm your above quality. One has to be very careful in preparing CV/resume. One has to put his best foot forward & prepare for the ensuing interview accordingly .It has been seen that most of the candidates go wrong due to their over reliance on their qualifications. It must be understood that one has been short listed on the basis of qualification, It is now time to perform. All those who have been short listed have almost equal or better qualifications. Your success in interview will depend on your performance, probably better performance than those having better qualifications.
Preliminary preparations
v As soon as one receive the interview call one must start gathering information about the organization. The best way is to visit the web site of the organization, liaise with your colleagues/friends/acquain-tances in the same organization. It is always beneficial to visit the organization or write to them to obtain brochure containing requisite information. You are likely to perform better in the interview if you are well informed about the organization. You should be fully conversant with the organization, its products, its location, set up, turnover, work culture, problem areas if any, competitors. Any query about the Salary / entitlement of leave, terms and conditions should be found out prior to facing the interview. You should not keep these queries for the opportunity which you may get during the interview. It is advisable to ask some positive questions, such as about training opportunities/ career prospects.
The Inevitable
v If one prepares well & adheres to the points enumerated above, one would definitely be facing the interviewers. It must always be remembered that inter-viewers try their best to make the interviews comfortable & relaxed so that necessary rapport is established between them. Interviewers can evaluate interviews properly only if candidates are at ease during the interview.
v The purpose of interview is to find out your potential and abilities, keeping in view the organizations requirements.
v The skills most organizations look for in their candidates are :
l Team spirit.
l Good communication skill.
l Leadership & organizational capability.
l Creativity & resourcefulness.
l Adaptability & motivation.
l Problem solving and analytical approach.
l Mental alertness, clear & logical thinking.
l Intellectual & moral Integrity.
l Factual awareness.
Your conduct/Appearance
v It has been rightly found out by researches that your image depends more than 90% on how you look and behave and balance on what you say. With the passage of time, people have become more and more unconventional or casual about dresses. One should avoid putting on loud dresses, ladies should avoid revealing dresses. To be on safer side, your attire should match with the dress culture prevailing in the organization.
v One should reach the venue of the interview more than little earlier than the appointed time. One should take into consideration traffic jams and unforeseen delays. You should also take into account the time required to get your testimonial/certificates verified prior to interview. One should go through the interview call letter properly; at times place of interview is other than office premises.
v Your entry and exits to the interview room should have desired impact, while entering, walk straight, head up, smiling. You should sit straight comfortably. You should keep your hands relaxed preferably in your lap. Woman should place her handbag on the floor next to her. Keeping eye contact with the interviewers is very important. Remember you exit is as important as your entry. You must thank the interviewers, smile and than leave. Your body language should continue to show enthusiasm for the entire period i.e. entry to exit.
Likely Questions
l How would you describe yourself? or Tell me about yourself? or Please introduce yourself or Tell us about your family background.
l What are your strength & weaknesses?
l What attracted you to this particular job?
l What are your short term and long term goals?
l What has been your best achievement so far?
l How can your presence benefit this organization?
l Questions concerning your hobby & games you play.
l What changes you would like to bring if you are selected?
l What do you think of your previous employer?
l Questions on your failures /challenges faced earlier.
l What are your salary expectations.
l Do you have any questions?
Most Common Errors
l Haphazard CV / resume.
l Arriving at the last moment or late arrival at interview location.
l Not dressed up properly.
l Try to become perfectionist which result into nervousness
l No sincere efforts made to find out about the organization.
l Not able to establish connection with one's skills and requirements of the organization
l Unable to provide evidence for Qualities/skills mentioned in the CV/resume.
l Answering questions in yes or no, or in a disorganized manner with no or inadequate elaboration/explanations.
l Not showing enthusiasm, lack of motivation to do something remarkable/ extra.
l Giving memorized parrot like answer which lacks impact and conviction.
l Speaking poor about the previous organization/bosses/colleagues.
l Initiating questions about the salary, let interviewer ask this first.
l Confronting interviewers
l SWOT analysis is not properly done. One must carry out detailed analysis of one's strengths & weaknesses & threats and opportunities in one's field. There are number of books available which can be referred for the SWOT analysis.
Useful Tips
l You should read news papers and minimum one magazine regularly. You may also listen to BBC for their detailed news. You should develop a habit to analyze the news and draw your own conclusions. In controversial matters it is better to be modest and not get sentimental on issues. You should be intelligent enough to avoid confrontation with interviewer.
l You may carry a small brief case but do not carry casual bag or shopping bag.
l You should carry copy of CV/ application form forwarded to the particular organization, should go through it in detail a day prior to your interview.
l Do not initiate hand shake but do it positively in response to interviewer's gesture.
l When ever you are asked to tell about yourself, you should say, who you are and what you are interested in doing. (Mostly as per job requirement).
l Use simple and short sentences to give your answers. Do not try to speak fast, be clear in your expressions. One can develop this habit with constant practice. Contents of the answer are more important than your language.
l Do not give one word answer. Suppose you are asked "will you be able to adjust in new environment"?, Instead of answering "yes I will", you should also supplement your answer with valid reason and short justification.
l Do not try to memorise any answer, you should answer spontaneously. Memorized answers lack required impact.
l Your achievements and favourable facts should be readily available; you should seek opportunity to show these during the interview.
l If you do not know the answer it is better to admit the fact, instead of beating about the bush. You should know what the interviewer expects from you.
v By now you must have understood the kind of preparation required to perform well in interviews. Your qualifications, appearance and initial impression alone are not enough in this competitive world, you have to demonstrate that "extra edge" to manage the outcome of interview your way.
Significance of interview needs no elaboration. As Interviews are inevitable, we should prepare well to achieve our objective and climb up the ladder. At the outset, it is pertinent to mention that the major portion of the interview can well be managed your way. Management has become part and parcel of our life, any thing and every thing can be managed well if one's approach is methodical. Let me assure you, if you plan your preparations systematically, do your homework properly, nothing can stop you to manage the outcome of interviews your way.
v Endeavour has been made in this article to discuss some of the important aspects where candidates generally go wrong on aspects which are left out unprepared. I recently interviewed young graduates & postgraduates which has further sounded me to share my experience for the benefit of aspiring interviews.
Biodata/Resume/Curriculum Vitae (CV)
v The importance of preparing a bio data form or filling up application form carefully and meticulously can not be over emphasized. It must be remembered that questions in interviews flow from this document. It is very important to fill in all the columns carefully and not consider anyone of them as unimportant; even the minutest detail should be filled properly. The employer receives thousands of applications, your CV/resume should stand out/draw attention of the employer to be short listed for the interview. The following should be ensured :
m Quality of paper should be good bond paper, avoid photostat paper.
m There should be no spelling mistakes, get it checked by a second/third person.
m Details should be clear & easy to read.
m CV /resume should preferably be in one page, in any case not more than two pages.
m It should be presented in such a manner that it gives brief overview of yourself, high-lights your main skills and personal attributes, gives your core areas of competence.
m Resume/CV should preferably be forwarded under well drafted covering letter.
m Most importantly it should motivate the reader to know more about you
v Interview Call "Congratulat-ions" you have successfully crossed over initial hurdle in the selection process. Receipt of call letter indicates you have been short listed among hundreds/thousands of applicants on the basis of your qualifications/experience presented in your CV/resume. The real battle starts now, it has been experienced that there are generally gaps found at the time of interview in the skills/ experience projected and actual. One has to make all out endeavour to take account of each word mentioned in CV/Resume. For example if you have mentioned "You are adaptable to changing circumstances, you should be prepared to substantiate with situations/circumstances which confirm your above quality. One has to be very careful in preparing CV/resume. One has to put his best foot forward & prepare for the ensuing interview accordingly .It has been seen that most of the candidates go wrong due to their over reliance on their qualifications. It must be understood that one has been short listed on the basis of qualification, It is now time to perform. All those who have been short listed have almost equal or better qualifications. Your success in interview will depend on your performance, probably better performance than those having better qualifications.
Preliminary preparations
v As soon as one receive the interview call one must start gathering information about the organization. The best way is to visit the web site of the organization, liaise with your colleagues/friends/acquain-tances in the same organization. It is always beneficial to visit the organization or write to them to obtain brochure containing requisite information. You are likely to perform better in the interview if you are well informed about the organization. You should be fully conversant with the organization, its products, its location, set up, turnover, work culture, problem areas if any, competitors. Any query about the Salary / entitlement of leave, terms and conditions should be found out prior to facing the interview. You should not keep these queries for the opportunity which you may get during the interview. It is advisable to ask some positive questions, such as about training opportunities/ career prospects.
The Inevitable
v If one prepares well & adheres to the points enumerated above, one would definitely be facing the interviewers. It must always be remembered that inter-viewers try their best to make the interviews comfortable & relaxed so that necessary rapport is established between them. Interviewers can evaluate interviews properly only if candidates are at ease during the interview.
v The purpose of interview is to find out your potential and abilities, keeping in view the organizations requirements.
v The skills most organizations look for in their candidates are :
l Team spirit.
l Good communication skill.
l Leadership & organizational capability.
l Creativity & resourcefulness.
l Adaptability & motivation.
l Problem solving and analytical approach.
l Mental alertness, clear & logical thinking.
l Intellectual & moral Integrity.
l Factual awareness.
Your conduct/Appearance
v It has been rightly found out by researches that your image depends more than 90% on how you look and behave and balance on what you say. With the passage of time, people have become more and more unconventional or casual about dresses. One should avoid putting on loud dresses, ladies should avoid revealing dresses. To be on safer side, your attire should match with the dress culture prevailing in the organization.
v One should reach the venue of the interview more than little earlier than the appointed time. One should take into consideration traffic jams and unforeseen delays. You should also take into account the time required to get your testimonial/certificates verified prior to interview. One should go through the interview call letter properly; at times place of interview is other than office premises.
v Your entry and exits to the interview room should have desired impact, while entering, walk straight, head up, smiling. You should sit straight comfortably. You should keep your hands relaxed preferably in your lap. Woman should place her handbag on the floor next to her. Keeping eye contact with the interviewers is very important. Remember you exit is as important as your entry. You must thank the interviewers, smile and than leave. Your body language should continue to show enthusiasm for the entire period i.e. entry to exit.
Likely Questions
l How would you describe yourself? or Tell me about yourself? or Please introduce yourself or Tell us about your family background.
l What are your strength & weaknesses?
l What attracted you to this particular job?
l What are your short term and long term goals?
l What has been your best achievement so far?
l How can your presence benefit this organization?
l Questions concerning your hobby & games you play.
l What changes you would like to bring if you are selected?
l What do you think of your previous employer?
l Questions on your failures /challenges faced earlier.
l What are your salary expectations.
l Do you have any questions?
Most Common Errors
l Haphazard CV / resume.
l Arriving at the last moment or late arrival at interview location.
l Not dressed up properly.
l Try to become perfectionist which result into nervousness
l No sincere efforts made to find out about the organization.
l Not able to establish connection with one's skills and requirements of the organization
l Unable to provide evidence for Qualities/skills mentioned in the CV/resume.
l Answering questions in yes or no, or in a disorganized manner with no or inadequate elaboration/explanations.
l Not showing enthusiasm, lack of motivation to do something remarkable/ extra.
l Giving memorized parrot like answer which lacks impact and conviction.
l Speaking poor about the previous organization/bosses/colleagues.
l Initiating questions about the salary, let interviewer ask this first.
l Confronting interviewers
l SWOT analysis is not properly done. One must carry out detailed analysis of one's strengths & weaknesses & threats and opportunities in one's field. There are number of books available which can be referred for the SWOT analysis.
Useful Tips
l You should read news papers and minimum one magazine regularly. You may also listen to BBC for their detailed news. You should develop a habit to analyze the news and draw your own conclusions. In controversial matters it is better to be modest and not get sentimental on issues. You should be intelligent enough to avoid confrontation with interviewer.
l You may carry a small brief case but do not carry casual bag or shopping bag.
l You should carry copy of CV/ application form forwarded to the particular organization, should go through it in detail a day prior to your interview.
l Do not initiate hand shake but do it positively in response to interviewer's gesture.
l When ever you are asked to tell about yourself, you should say, who you are and what you are interested in doing. (Mostly as per job requirement).
l Use simple and short sentences to give your answers. Do not try to speak fast, be clear in your expressions. One can develop this habit with constant practice. Contents of the answer are more important than your language.
l Do not give one word answer. Suppose you are asked "will you be able to adjust in new environment"?, Instead of answering "yes I will", you should also supplement your answer with valid reason and short justification.
l Do not try to memorise any answer, you should answer spontaneously. Memorized answers lack required impact.
l Your achievements and favourable facts should be readily available; you should seek opportunity to show these during the interview.
l If you do not know the answer it is better to admit the fact, instead of beating about the bush. You should know what the interviewer expects from you.
v By now you must have understood the kind of preparation required to perform well in interviews. Your qualifications, appearance and initial impression alone are not enough in this competitive world, you have to demonstrate that "extra edge" to manage the outcome of interview your way.
BIOTECHNOLOGY - A PROMISING CAREER
Biotechnology is recognized as a discipline where basic and applied sciences work together. It is a research oriented science, a combination of Biology and Technology and covers a wide variety of subjects like Genetics, Biochemistry, Microbiology, Immunology, Virology, Chemistry, Engineering and subjects like Health and Medicine, Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Cropping system and Crop Management, Ecology, Cell Biology and Bio-statistics etc. The multibillion dollar biotechnology industry in a broad sense uses organisms, cells or molecules isolated to make products or processes having large applications benefiting the sectors of health, agriculture, animal resources, aquaculture, energy, forest, environments etc.
There is a great scope in this field as the demand for biotechnologists is growing both at home and abroad. Job opportunities extend to Universities, medical colleges and government labs. The industries offer rewarding career for students interested in science and engineering. A well established biotechnology company usually has several products that carry different functions and uses biotechnology in pharmaceuti-cals, agriculture, chemicals, environmental remediation and energy sector. The biotechnology degree holder can find suitable placements in such establish-ment.
Eligibility & Course Areas
For career in biotechnology three year degree in the biological sciences is a logical beginning. A person interested to join a course in biotechnology must have a background in science that is Physics, chemistry and biology at the intermediate level. In India, some Universities offer the B.Sc biotechnology to student course after class 12 or equivalent examination, with physics, chemistry and mathematics. Graduates in all sciences/engineering technology/medicine are eligible for the postgraduate M.Sc. course in biotechnology. Postgraduate courses available are M.Sc. Biotechnology, M.Sc. Agriculture Biotechnology, M.V.Sc. Animal Biotechnology, M.Tech. Biotechnology, M.Sc./M.V.Sc. in Veterinary Biotechnology, M.Sc. Marine Biotechnology, M.Sc. Medical Biotechnology, M.Tech. in Biomedical Engineering/Biotechnology. Depending upon the aptitude and necessity, more advanced courses such Ph.D. and Post-Doctoral Research in Biotechnology can also be pursued.
Integrated M.Tech. programme offered at IIT Delhi and Kharagpur is through a Joint Entrance Examination (JEE), which is held for students who have successfully completed the 10+2 or equivalent examination with physics, chemistry and mathematics. For admission to IIT, a pass in the IIT-JEE is required. The Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, AIIMS, Jadavpur University, Kolkata and Anna University also offers integrated M.Tech course. Selection to the graduate courses (BE / B.Tech ) is based on merit i.e the marks secured in the final exams of 10+2 and through entrance exams. Entrance to the IIT's is through JEE (Joint Entrance Exam) and for other institutions through their own separate entrance exams and other state level and national level exams. IIT's institutes also recognize JEE scores for selection. Selection to the postgraduate courses ( M.Sc/M.Tech) in different universities is through an All India Combined Entrance Exam conducted by JNU, New Delhi and to IIT's through GATE in Two year/ 4 semester M.Tech courses and through JEE in five year integrated M.Tech courses in Biochemical engineering and Biotechnology. A chemistry degree is also an excellent foundation for persuasion in Industrial Biotechnology since so much of modern molecular biology is based on chemistry. Chemical engineering is a very marketable specialty. Others specialties in demand in the industry are environmental science, toxicology, pharmacology and agricultural science.
Biotechnology Industry :-
The setting up of a separate department of Biotechnology (DBT)(http://www.dbtindia.nic in/) under the Ministry of Science and Technology in 1986 gave a new impetus to the development in the field of modern biology and biotechnology in India. More than 6000 biotechnologists of higher skill are required in India as per the report from the Human Resource Development Ministry, Govt. of India.
Biotechnology in India began during the mid-1980s and was concentrated within the large domestic or multinational drug firms. There were about 1000 firms in India with biotechnology-related activities and Indian biotech industry employs more than 20,000 people, which is estimated to grow to 30,000 (research 50%, technical/services 35%, manage-ment 15%). A number of companies have entered the field, some with foreign collaborations, opening tremendous job opportunities. The sector players in the industry are not only using recombinant DNA technology but also applying biotechnology principles to various biotech-based areas viz. floriculture, tissue culture and industrial application of biotechnology like enzymes industry, fermentation & bio-chemicals etc. Several private industries viz. pharmaceuticals, breweries, sugarcane institutes and science foundations are working on various fields like new drug development, improved products and processes, new breeds, tissue culture, bio-pesticides and enzyme production etc.
DBT (The Department of Biotechnology) has therefore, launched an integrated Manpower Development Programme which includes training of scientists/technologists for the expanding biotechnological R&D activities and for filling critical gaps in internal competence. The programme includes.
l Short term Training Courses;
l M.Sc/M.Tech./Post Doc. Programmes;
l National and Overseas Associate ships;
l Visiting Scientist from Abroad Programme;
l Short-term Training Course for Industrial personnel
l Technician Training
l Biotechnology teaching/training programme for school
l Biotechnology Publications
l Popular lectures
l Biotechnology films etc.
Job Prospects & Career Options :-
Biotechnology as a subject has grown rapidly. As far as employment is concerned, it has become one of the fast growing sectors. Employment record shows that biotechnology has a great scope in future. A prospective biotech-nologist should have a scientific aptitude and a keen interest in the biological sciences. He should be methodical and patient by nature, able to work neatly and accurately and have a flair for laboratory work. The ability to work independently is another important aspect. Biotechnologist needs certain skill of problem solving, information technology skill, analyzing and interpreting skills.
Bio-technologists can find careers with pharmaceutical companies, chemical, agriculture and allied industries. Large scale employment in research laboratories run by the government as well as the corporate sector. Biotechnology students in India may find work in a government-based entity such as universities, research institutes or at private centers as research scientists/assistants. The work scope can range from research, sales, marketing, administration, quality control, breeders, technical support etc. Armed with this powerful combination of fundamental cell and molecular biology and applied science, graduates are well placed to take up careers in plant, animal or microbial biotechnology laboratories or in horticulture, food science, commerce and teaching.
Opportunities in Research & Industry :-
Research focuses on specific application or products to apply scientific knowledge in new way to improve upon the existing product. Scientists engaged in research laboratories looking for new product development. Research Scientists are involved in designing and carrying out experiments, writing reports for future publication. A Biotechnologist may work in organizations such as CSIR and ICAR Labs, Regional Research Labs, national institutes, institutes/centers of excellence, DBT institutes and other academic science and technology institutes through sponsored projects. A post doctoral fellowship in specialized disciplines of biotechnology is also being supported through DBT.
Biotech Consortium India Ltd. is a prime mover in supporting and promoting projects in various sectors of biotechnology including consultancy and preparation of feasibility report. Public-private partnership has largely been realized in the sector, through which DBT is considering support to the biotech industry and firms through SBIRI scheme for new and improved product and process development. With the initiative of establishment of Biotech Parks in various states, engagement of consultants, firms, scientists and entrepreneurs is likely to come up in a big way through bioindustrialization for product promotion, export and revenue generation.
Remuneration : -
The amount of remuneration depends upon academic qualification, institute or university from which the degree is attained and the level of work experience. In the corporate sector, fresh IIT pass outs may get anything in the range of Rs. 70,000 to Rs. 85,000 as annual income and fresh B.Sc./B. Tech. graduates from other universities may get anything in the range of Rs. 50,000 to Rs. 70,000 as annual income. Those working in the research institutes can expect something around Rs. 60,000 as annual income. A number of agriculture, dairy and horticulture institutes also exist which would employ biotechnologists. Some drug companies in biotechnology like Dabur, Ranbaxy, Hindustan Lever, Dr. Reddy's Labs and Biocon etc., which have their R&D units would be another area for the qualified biotechnologists. A postgraduate joining a private sector pharmaceutical company can expect a salary in the range of Rs. 25,000 to Rs. 30,000 per month. Those employed in government research can get a start of Rs. 20,000 onwards along with government allowances.
There is a great scope in this field as the demand for biotechnologists is growing both at home and abroad. Job opportunities extend to Universities, medical colleges and government labs. The industries offer rewarding career for students interested in science and engineering. A well established biotechnology company usually has several products that carry different functions and uses biotechnology in pharmaceuti-cals, agriculture, chemicals, environmental remediation and energy sector. The biotechnology degree holder can find suitable placements in such establish-ment.
Eligibility & Course Areas
For career in biotechnology three year degree in the biological sciences is a logical beginning. A person interested to join a course in biotechnology must have a background in science that is Physics, chemistry and biology at the intermediate level. In India, some Universities offer the B.Sc biotechnology to student course after class 12 or equivalent examination, with physics, chemistry and mathematics. Graduates in all sciences/engineering technology/medicine are eligible for the postgraduate M.Sc. course in biotechnology. Postgraduate courses available are M.Sc. Biotechnology, M.Sc. Agriculture Biotechnology, M.V.Sc. Animal Biotechnology, M.Tech. Biotechnology, M.Sc./M.V.Sc. in Veterinary Biotechnology, M.Sc. Marine Biotechnology, M.Sc. Medical Biotechnology, M.Tech. in Biomedical Engineering/Biotechnology. Depending upon the aptitude and necessity, more advanced courses such Ph.D. and Post-Doctoral Research in Biotechnology can also be pursued.
Integrated M.Tech. programme offered at IIT Delhi and Kharagpur is through a Joint Entrance Examination (JEE), which is held for students who have successfully completed the 10+2 or equivalent examination with physics, chemistry and mathematics. For admission to IIT, a pass in the IIT-JEE is required. The Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, AIIMS, Jadavpur University, Kolkata and Anna University also offers integrated M.Tech course. Selection to the graduate courses (BE / B.Tech ) is based on merit i.e the marks secured in the final exams of 10+2 and through entrance exams. Entrance to the IIT's is through JEE (Joint Entrance Exam) and for other institutions through their own separate entrance exams and other state level and national level exams. IIT's institutes also recognize JEE scores for selection. Selection to the postgraduate courses ( M.Sc/M.Tech) in different universities is through an All India Combined Entrance Exam conducted by JNU, New Delhi and to IIT's through GATE in Two year/ 4 semester M.Tech courses and through JEE in five year integrated M.Tech courses in Biochemical engineering and Biotechnology. A chemistry degree is also an excellent foundation for persuasion in Industrial Biotechnology since so much of modern molecular biology is based on chemistry. Chemical engineering is a very marketable specialty. Others specialties in demand in the industry are environmental science, toxicology, pharmacology and agricultural science.
Biotechnology Industry :-
The setting up of a separate department of Biotechnology (DBT)(http://www.dbtindia.nic in/) under the Ministry of Science and Technology in 1986 gave a new impetus to the development in the field of modern biology and biotechnology in India. More than 6000 biotechnologists of higher skill are required in India as per the report from the Human Resource Development Ministry, Govt. of India.
Biotechnology in India began during the mid-1980s and was concentrated within the large domestic or multinational drug firms. There were about 1000 firms in India with biotechnology-related activities and Indian biotech industry employs more than 20,000 people, which is estimated to grow to 30,000 (research 50%, technical/services 35%, manage-ment 15%). A number of companies have entered the field, some with foreign collaborations, opening tremendous job opportunities. The sector players in the industry are not only using recombinant DNA technology but also applying biotechnology principles to various biotech-based areas viz. floriculture, tissue culture and industrial application of biotechnology like enzymes industry, fermentation & bio-chemicals etc. Several private industries viz. pharmaceuticals, breweries, sugarcane institutes and science foundations are working on various fields like new drug development, improved products and processes, new breeds, tissue culture, bio-pesticides and enzyme production etc.
DBT (The Department of Biotechnology) has therefore, launched an integrated Manpower Development Programme which includes training of scientists/technologists for the expanding biotechnological R&D activities and for filling critical gaps in internal competence. The programme includes.
l Short term Training Courses;
l M.Sc/M.Tech./Post Doc. Programmes;
l National and Overseas Associate ships;
l Visiting Scientist from Abroad Programme;
l Short-term Training Course for Industrial personnel
l Technician Training
l Biotechnology teaching/training programme for school
l Biotechnology Publications
l Popular lectures
l Biotechnology films etc.
Job Prospects & Career Options :-
Biotechnology as a subject has grown rapidly. As far as employment is concerned, it has become one of the fast growing sectors. Employment record shows that biotechnology has a great scope in future. A prospective biotech-nologist should have a scientific aptitude and a keen interest in the biological sciences. He should be methodical and patient by nature, able to work neatly and accurately and have a flair for laboratory work. The ability to work independently is another important aspect. Biotechnologist needs certain skill of problem solving, information technology skill, analyzing and interpreting skills.
Bio-technologists can find careers with pharmaceutical companies, chemical, agriculture and allied industries. Large scale employment in research laboratories run by the government as well as the corporate sector. Biotechnology students in India may find work in a government-based entity such as universities, research institutes or at private centers as research scientists/assistants. The work scope can range from research, sales, marketing, administration, quality control, breeders, technical support etc. Armed with this powerful combination of fundamental cell and molecular biology and applied science, graduates are well placed to take up careers in plant, animal or microbial biotechnology laboratories or in horticulture, food science, commerce and teaching.
Opportunities in Research & Industry :-
Research focuses on specific application or products to apply scientific knowledge in new way to improve upon the existing product. Scientists engaged in research laboratories looking for new product development. Research Scientists are involved in designing and carrying out experiments, writing reports for future publication. A Biotechnologist may work in organizations such as CSIR and ICAR Labs, Regional Research Labs, national institutes, institutes/centers of excellence, DBT institutes and other academic science and technology institutes through sponsored projects. A post doctoral fellowship in specialized disciplines of biotechnology is also being supported through DBT.
Biotech Consortium India Ltd. is a prime mover in supporting and promoting projects in various sectors of biotechnology including consultancy and preparation of feasibility report. Public-private partnership has largely been realized in the sector, through which DBT is considering support to the biotech industry and firms through SBIRI scheme for new and improved product and process development. With the initiative of establishment of Biotech Parks in various states, engagement of consultants, firms, scientists and entrepreneurs is likely to come up in a big way through bioindustrialization for product promotion, export and revenue generation.
Remuneration : -
The amount of remuneration depends upon academic qualification, institute or university from which the degree is attained and the level of work experience. In the corporate sector, fresh IIT pass outs may get anything in the range of Rs. 70,000 to Rs. 85,000 as annual income and fresh B.Sc./B. Tech. graduates from other universities may get anything in the range of Rs. 50,000 to Rs. 70,000 as annual income. Those working in the research institutes can expect something around Rs. 60,000 as annual income. A number of agriculture, dairy and horticulture institutes also exist which would employ biotechnologists. Some drug companies in biotechnology like Dabur, Ranbaxy, Hindustan Lever, Dr. Reddy's Labs and Biocon etc., which have their R&D units would be another area for the qualified biotechnologists. A postgraduate joining a private sector pharmaceutical company can expect a salary in the range of Rs. 25,000 to Rs. 30,000 per month. Those employed in government research can get a start of Rs. 20,000 onwards along with government allowances.
The University of California
The University of California, Berkeley is the preeminent public research and teaching institution in the nation. From classic literature to emerging technologies, the curricula of our 130 academic departments span the wide world of thought and knowledge. Supported by the people of California, the university has embraced public service as an essential part of its mission since 1868.
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Website: http://www.berkeley.edu/
the channel videos:-http://in.youtube.com/ucberkeley
Website: http://www.berkeley.edu/
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