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point blank............with kEnYa....
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"A Tale of Two Generations" (A Short Story)
Sista, what is wrong with our children these days? my mother exclaimed to my auntie Tina. They do not know how to clean the oven or how to clean the house. What are they going to do when they get their husbands? At least I'm pretty sure that's what my auntie said. I could not understand the Ewe but I was able to string together the few words that I did know in the Ewe language and the English that was mixed in.
Sista, I know, my auntie eagerly concurred with my mother. My children, they don't know what okra is unless they see it in a soup!! Eh-he-he-he-heh!! My mother and auntie laughed boisterously. They almost sounded like schoolgirls to me. This is going to be a long ride. I laid my head back on the seat.
My cousin Dzifa should have been here. Why did she have to be late when we came to the house to pick her and Auntie Tina up? The only reason why I agreed to go to the shopping mall with my mom and auntie was because Dzifa promised to come along. And now here she was deserting me! Oh well, what do the French say? C'est la vie? If Dzifa were here, we could have both shared in the misery and even made our own jokes and counter-arguments. What did my mother and auntie expect from us? We were not born in Ghana. We were not raised there. How could they expect us to be like them? I might not know what true okra looked like but at least I knew how the frozen ones looked like. Well.....sometimes, I thought as I smiled to myself.
What husbands? my auntie shouted. I was quickly jolted from my thoughts. Sista, you won't believe this, my auntie said. What is it? my mother replied. My own daughter, Dziafa, told me this very morning that she might not get married!WHAT!?!?!?, my mother said in disbelief. She said that women of today are independent and they do not need men, my auntie continued. O AFETOR YESU!!, my mother hollered. Lord have mercy upon us!! My mom raised both hands above her head, looking towards heaven, or rather the roof of the car in this case. I glanced at my mother's outstretched hands which should have been on the steering wheel. This does not look good.
The car swerved violently to the left as the wheel was left to plot its own course for the car. Sista! my auntie yelled as the car began to drift into oncoming traffic. My mom quickly put her hands back on the wheel and turned it sharply to the right. Oh Lord I thought as I grabbed onto the door handle to keep myself from slamming into the other side of the car. Something interesting ALWAYS happened when my mother and auntie came together but this was the first time my life had been threatened.
My mom regained control of the car and we were once again driving smoothly. You see, my mom started as though we had never been in danger of meeting our Maker just a few moments before. This country is polluting our children, she began. Oh no, they have switched to English. That means they want me to hear exactly what they are saying. No room left for interpretation. I threw my head back onto the seat. My mom glanced at me through the rearview mirror but kept talking. She had to know by now I was very annoyed but I don't think she cared. I was going to hear what she had to say whether I liked it or not.
This America is polluting our children, I am telling you ohhh!!, my mom began again. I sighed loudly. In fact, I sighed very loudly because I wanted my mom to hear me. If she did, she did not make any indication that she had heard my sigh. Dzifa is not independent, my mother continued. She needs a husband. What does the Bible say? my mother asked my auntie. It is not good for a man to be alone!, my auntie proclaimed loudly. Eh-heh, that is it!, my mother replied while rubbing one hand against the other to signal that the matter was finished. I glanced nervously at the unattended steering wheel but my mom quickly put her hands back on the wheel as though she instinctively remembered the previous incident.
Well, the Bible says it is not good for a man to be alone. It does not say anything about a woman! I smiled at my ingenuity. My mother gave me a look as if she could hear my thoughts. I looked up to the car ceiling which seemed to have become heaven for all of this afternoon.
I'm sorry Lord. I'm not trying to be sacrilegious. Please forgive me but I just have to get out of this car!! I saw the shopping mall outside the car window. Thank you, thank you Lord I said to myself. As we pulled into the parking lot I saw Dzifa's familiar red-colored Honda Accord behind us. Dzifa is behind us, I said to my mom and auntie. I realized my mistake after it was too late. How is that?, my auntie Tina cried. We left 10 minutes before her and she is here already! She was speeding my sista, I am telling you! I quickly jumped out of the car before my mom had a chance to shut off the engine. I ran to Dzifa who had just stepped out of her car. What's wrong? Dzifa asked with a concerned look on her face. Why did you leave me alone with them? I whispered in her ear.
Dzifa's dark eyes had a mischievous glint in them.You weren't running late! I declared. Unfortunately I spoke a bit too loud. My mom and auntie gave us suspicious looks. Shhh!! Dzifa whispered. Do you think I wanted to ride 30 minutes in the car to hear about how I have to get married and how I can't clean the oven? she asked me rather pointedly. Dzifa and I smiled at each other. I put my arm through hers and we walked towards the shopping mall.
Dzifa, E fouar? my mother asked her. ?Oh auntie, me de kuku ee, Dzifa replied. I hurried Dzifa quickly towards the mall entrance. Mom, auntie, we will meet you back here in two hours time. Is that okay? I asked. It's okay, my auntie replied. Thank you auntie,Akpe!. I sang out loudly. When we were out of their hearing I turned to Dzifa and asked in my best Ghanaian accent, Sista, what is wrong with our parents these days? She smiled at me. O sista, ?Nye me nya o!, she responded with a mock expression of pain and dismay. Me nyao? I replied. O AFETOR YESU!? Dzifa and I both replied. We broke out laughing as we walked into the shopping center. | |
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AIDS, Politics and Greed By: Abudu, Dr. Paul B.
The issue of aids has become a leading topic in the newspapers recently. This week an African Aids Summit is being held in Abuja, Nigeria. Last week a Court in South Africa cleared the way for more cheaper and affordable drugs should be sold or imported to the country against the greedy desires of the multinational corporations that manufacture these drugs. Sensing their defeat they gave up their fight.
As one peruses the newspapers, a living being from space, if there are any, visiting the earth will only conclude and tell his folks back in space that aids is only in Africa. The newspapers continue to, intentionally, avoid mentioning the aids epidemic in the European countries, Asia, Latin America, North America and the Far East. It is only Africa that is mentioned and it is only Africa that needs help. See statistics below.
From the very beginning when this dreadful disease was discovered, it was stated that aids originated from Africa and more specifically from the Congo. It was declared without any scientific research and support that the people of the Congo eat monkeys that carried the aids virus.
Politics became an issue and Africa became the center of it all. African leaders lacking the knowledge and resources to fight back did nothing. African scientists did nothing. For that matter, Africa became the centerfold of aids and blamed for the spread of aids.
As time goes on it was reasoned that aids affects only homosexuals. Those who were seriously affected were homosexuals and not those so called - straight- that is non-homosexuals. Well known individuals of high visibility died of aids. One such notable person was Rock Hudson.
The search for the cause or causes of aids became very political because scientists, politicians could not face the fact that the origin may be from Europe and or a "white origination" and continued to blame Africa as a real source of the aids epidemic. The debate over how aids is acquired, the origin of aids became more important than any serious research as to the causes of aids and its prevention.
If early researchers blame Africa as the continent that brought aids into existence because they eat monkeys that carry the virus; then there is no need to do any further research. The simple solution would have been - to stop eating monkeys, kill all monkeys, burn them and that should have been the end of aids.
This did not solve the problem. Africa is not well known for homosexuality. Therefore, how did it become a disease paramount amount those with that sexual orientation? No one could give an answer. People continue to die in millions. The only figure of death that can be stated is that from Africa.
Americans, Europeans and others in the so-called industrialized countries continue to see Africa as the motherland of aids. Talk, think of aids, think of Africa. <>The question now arises how do we solve this epidemic without attributing the cause to Africa. Aids is here and the only solution is to find the cause and work on its prevention.
Now comes the greed. The multinational corporations have done their research to manufacture aids medications and not any preventive medication. They are making billions of dollars in the medications and so what would be the rationale to have a preventive dose.
The issue has become money. These multinational corporations have used Africa as their bargaining ground. They have lobbied their governments to provide funds for the African countries to fight aids. When these funds are raised, how are they used. They are used to purchase the expensive aids medication to be sent to Africa for treatments. Africans cannot afford it. For this reason, the African governments are being forced to use their limited financial resources to buy medications for their people.
The US Government, through its Import-Export Bank has provided One Billion Dollars to African countries to be used to buy aids medication. It is important to note that this is not a grant, it is a loan facility. The African governments from one government to another rejected this offer outright. They contend that they need funds for social amenities for their people rather than creating more debt for their people. It can be stated here rather sadly that if one is affected with aids, it is tantamount to suicide. Therefore, why borrow money to purchase medication which will not safe the life of the person. Worse still it will not even treat the ailment (disease). It only gives you strength to live much longer. The affected person will die eventually. The African governments welcome research and manufacturing of medications that will prevent aids. Yet, this goes into deaf ears.
The greed of the multinationals have become so severe that they continue to admonish African leaders for doing nothing about aids in their respective countries.
It is an open secret that the income of an African that is affected by aids, is not enough to purchase any aids medication for treatment. It is estimated that $10,000 per month is needed on a monthly basis to buy aids medication. As this is unaffordable by the individual, their governments are being pressured to buy the medications and distribute to them at such exorbitant prices.
Should the treatment of aids and aids prevention be a humanitarian issue or a matter of business (capitalism at its best). It has become very clear that aids is not limited to Africa only and that it is a universal problem. It must take the international community to solve the problem.
Unless and until the issue of aids is treated as a dangerous and dreadful human ailment and has no boundaries it will be difficult to make a serious issue of it. Unless and until it is viewed as a humanitarian issue and should be treated as such rather than being left to the multinational corporations to deal with, we shall have a very serious epidemic in the years to come.
I wish to raise a controversial issue. That is aids should be treated as a humanitarian matter and medication for its treatment should be FREE. If government or foreign donors can donate about $10 billion dollars a year for aids medication; why can't this money be used to produce or manufacture medications for free distribution. Why should this money be used to purchase high priced medication from the European and American pharmaceutical companies. Is it too much to ask that there should be an international aids drugs manufacturing company that will manufacture and freely distribute aids medication to all those affected around the world.
The distribution of condoms is a secondary matter. This does not prevent aids as aids can be acquired through other means and not only through sexual intercourse.
Why is it that African governments cannot come together, come up with a budget and establish an aids manufacturing company. Production from this factory should be distributed freely throughout Africa to its affected people.
The AIDS SUMMIT in Abuja, Nigeria this week (April 24-27, 2001) should give serious consideration to this recommendation. The time for rhetoric is over. The dangers of aids is well known and there is no need for any more speeches. This is the time for action. The Summit should be action oriented to be successful.
The General Secretary of the OAU has called for massive assistance to help Africa to successfully tackle HIV/AIDS. The call should be directed principally to the leaders of Africa attending the Summit to agree to financial contributions to establish a drug manufacturing facility and to create a research center to study the causes of aids and seek drugs manufacturing as doses to prevent aids. Anything short of this is rhetoric. There is no need for showmanship and speeches - just to indicate concern for the problem. Practical actions is needed. Positive Action is needed to prevent this ailment from the continent. It has been stated that the enormity of the problem has forced African leaders to organize the Summit to forge a common front against the disease. Africans are watching to see what practical solutions will come out of this Summit if not another Resolution.
It is time for Africans and African governments to know that the destiny of Africa is in its own hands. We cannot go - a begging for foreign assistance. African governments continue to think that the West owes them something. They owe Africa nothing. At least that is their contention and it is time Africa stands on its own.
Africa has been blessed with the abundance of natural resources. This is a common knowledge and if all are put together effectively without prejudice, Africa will become a great continent to contend with.
For example, the gold in Ghana,Zaire,Guinea, Sierra Leone, Angola (to name a few) and South Africa; Oil in Nigeria, Gabon, Libya, etc and other strategic minerals around Africa can be put into an effective bargain with the industrialized world. Together Africa will be great.
Having said the above, Africa still has its own numerous problems and still looking for assistance from overseas.
To get back to the aids issue, it is time that African governments begin to initiate collective solutions to the problem of aids. Limited resources should be put together to create a factory to produce aids medication and to research medication to be used for its prevention. This should be a priority. The life of Africans are being wasted and if no serious and drastic actions are taken, there will be no next generation. Funds being used for education shall come to nothing because the students will die before they reach a productive age. Therefore, why not put up the thinking caps and make some serious cuts in the budget and contribute towards the collective establishment of the factory and a research center to fight aids. THEY WILL NOT DO IT FOR AFRICA. You know who I mean by "they". Africans have to do it themselves.
What will be the need for an African Unity in which there will be no body in the unity house. Let Africans come together and consider this recommendation - establish a factory to manufacture aids medication and a center to research preventive medication. Brazil is manufacturing its own medication and distribution to its citizens, why not Africa?
Summary of the HIV/AIDS epidemic, December 2000. People infected with HIV in 2000 Total 5.3 Million Adults 4.7 Million Women 2.2 Million Children <15 years 600,000 No. of people living with HIV/AIDS Total 36.1 Million Adults 34.7 Million Women 16.4 Million Children <15 years 1.4 Million AIDS deaths in 2000 Total 3 Million Adults 2.5 Million Women 1.3 Million Children <15 years 500,000 Total no. of AIDS deaths since the beginning of the epidemic Total 21.8 Million Adults 17.5 Million Women 9 Million Children <15 years 4.3 Million
Total no. of AIDS orphans since the beginning of the epidemic Total 13.2 Million
Regional HIV/AIDS statistics, December 2000.
Region Epidemic started Adults and children living infected with HIV/AIDS Adults and children newly infected with HIV Adult prevalence rate* Percent of HIV- positive adults who are women Main mode(s) of transmission# for adults living with HIV/AIDS
Sub Saharan Africa Late '70's - Early 80's 25.3 Million 3.8 Million 8.8% 55% Heterosexual sex North Africa and the middle east Late '80's 400,000 80,000 0.2% 40% IDU, Heterosexual South and South East Asia Late '80's 5.8 Million 780,000 0.56% 35% IDU, Heterosexual East Asia and Pacific Late '80's 640,000 130,000 0.07% 0.13% IDU, Hetero, MSM Latin America Late '70's early 80's 1.4 Million 150,000 0.7% 25% MSM, IDU, Hetero Caribbean Late '70's - Early 80's 390,000 60,000 2.3% 35% Hetero, MSM Eastern Europe & Central Asia Early '90's 700,000 250,000 0.35% 25% IDU Western Europe Late '70's - Early '80's 540,000 30,000 0.24% 25% MSM, IDU
North America Late '70's 920,000 45,000 0.6% 20% MSM, IDU, Hetero Australia and New Zealand Late '70's - Early '80's 15,000 500 0.13% 10% MSM Total 36.1 Million 5.3 Million 1.1% 47%
* The proportion of adults (15 to 49 years of age) living with HIV/AIDS in 2000, using 2000 population numbers.
# MSM (sexual transmission among men who have sex with men), IDU (transmission through injecting drug use), Hetero (Heterosexual transmission).
$ Defined as children who lost their mother or both parents to AIDS when they where under the age of 15 .
Source: UNAIDS Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, "AIDS Epidemic Update December 2000" and "Report on the global HIV/AIDS epidemic June 2000".
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Youth Development In Ghana: Challenging The Traditional Approaches And Rethinking Holistic Strategy.
INTRODUCTION
Nowadays, Ghanaian youth face many problems in their development into adulthood than ever before. These problems range from participation in political violence, armed robbery, drug addiction, and alcohol abuse to lack of employment. And they affect the quality of life of our youth, making it extremely difficult them to reach their full potentials. Youth problems have also worsened due to the structural adjustment programs that were introduced in the last two decades. These economic programs have significantly altered the structure of our economy, resulting in a massive growth in service sector employment in urban areas and a corresponding reduction in non-service sector jobs. The fact is that the new economic structure has made primary production such as agriculture and semi-processing industries less attractive; hence most of the youth have migrated from the rural areas into towns and cities in search of service sector jobs, which are not enough to go around. Rural-urban migration has its own sociological problems, including the break down of the traditional kinship structure that historically has been providing nurturance and mentorship for young people to become socially, emotionally, and physically competent members of our society.
The focus of this article is youth development in Ghana rather than the enumeration of youth problems. For this reason, the article will argue that our youth needs more than English proficiency and the ability to solve intellectual puzzles in order to become competent citizens of our society. That is, academic skills alone are grossly inadequate unless they are balanced by other equally valuable competencies such as civic responsibilities, vocational, emotional, and cultural skills. These competencies are needed to help us bring up productive citizens. Therefore, the author calls for youth programs to complement the formal skills? that our youth receive from our educational institutions.
WHAT IS YOUTH DEVELOPMENT?
Youth development has been defined in many ways, depending on the context and the ideological perspective of the person who is defining the term. However, for the purpose of this article, youth development is viewed as a coordinated, collective effort to nurture and support activities that promote the social, emotional, physical, cultural, moral and academic well-being of young people. This definition entails three essential elements. First, it sees youth development as a process rather than an event. Second, it involves the collective participation of parents, families, communities, the state and other organizations in the process of bringing up healthy and productive young people. Finally, it recognizes that young people by themselves cannot improve the quality of their lives and that they need the involvement of other stakeholders in our society.
YOUTH DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES IN GHANA.
Historically, the two basic approaches that have been used in Ghana to achieve youth development are economic development and education. The economic development approach is premised on the idea that, rapid economic development would foster positive behaviour and values in our young people, thereby making them productive and disciplined citizens. However, the economy policy and institutional framework for improving the quality of life for young people have failed. For example, the Program of Action to Mitigate the Social Cost of Adjustment (PAMSCAD) introduced by the PNDC government was abandoned because it failed to address the needs of our youth. As well, the government?s much trumpeted job creation strategies have not made any dent in the exponential rate of unemployment among the youth. As a matter of fact, the government continues to struggle with tens of thousand of registered unemployed youth across the country. Moreover, the free-market economic model that the government has adopted is incongruent with Ghanaian culture and values. Ghanaian culture and values promote interdependence and communalism, whereas the free-market model promotes individualism and independence. As an illustration, in Ghana we are required to provide financial support for our nephews, nieces, brothers and sisters in schools and our ageing parents and grandparents. As well, our identity is linked to our community, ethnicity and religious affiliation. Additionally, in Ghanaian culture there are unwritten rules of behaviour for different age groups, stating what kind of activities each age group can engage in. Again, the old African saying that ?it takes a whole village to raise a child? suggests that youth upbringing is a collective responsibility of the whole community. These cultural norms run counter to the free-market economic model that the government has tenaciously adopted. The present economic model has created more problems than benefits for the youth. Most of our youth are now compelled to fend for themselves at a premature age and, as a result, they have become socially dislocated. As disconnected members of society, our young people have become rebellious and engaged in deviant social activities such as armed robbery, drug addiction, and alcohol abuse.It is now crucial to recognize that our youth are social beings, who want to be connected to their communities, to caring adults, be supported, accepted and nurtured. Thus, it is imperative that we design effective youth development programs that would compensate for the deficiencies of our social and economic structures so that the needs of our young could be met. Education is also another historic approach to youth development in Ghana. Education is concerned with the provision of knowledge and skills to the youth. It is believed that education is an important tool that can be used to eradicate poverty, to provide the manpower needs of the country and for socio-economic advancement. As well, education is used as a means of providing the youth with employability skills needed by industries and commerce.It should be noted that education as a youth development strategy is premised on the assumption that, as long as the schools are able to direct the youth and be a magnet for their attention, the energy of the youth would be channeled into productive activities. However, recent evidence of the inability of our educational institutions to absorb secondary school leavers suggests that education, as a development strategy is a failure. According to World Bank Report in 2000 (cited by Rev. Charles Gyan-Duah) 200,000 students graduate from the Junior Secondary School every year in Ghana but only 30% gain admission to Senior Secondary School institutions. Again, the report suggests that of 72,000 students that graduate from Senior Secondary School each year, only 25% find spaces in post-secondary institution (Chronicle, Thursday April 10, 2003, Vol. 3 # 45). What happens to the mass of young people who are unable to find employment or continue their education? The answer is they get absorbed into unproductive activities that eventually create problems for the whole country.Another weakness of education as a youth development strategy is that, it is manifestly a middle class institution and therefore transmits middle-class ethos. For example, the language of instruction in our schools is English. In view of this, children from families with limited exposure to English language invariably are unsuccessful in the school system relative to those with a large socio-linguistic exposure. Besides, our education system does not prepare our youth for life in an economy that is basically agrarian with patches of local mercantilism; nor does it give them tools to eke out a living from productive activities other than petty trading and clerical employment.Having enumerated and critically evaluated the deficiencies of our approaches to youth development in Ghana, the question is what are the alternatives? Of course, we need programs that would provide the youth with emotional, civil, and social skills to enable them cope with the pressures that our current social and economic policies have brought upon them. As well, we need social programs that would give training to our youth so that they grow to become responsible, confident, and productive citizens. Third, we need a new crop of citizens who are nationalistic in their thinking and attitude, and tolerant of our ethnic, religious, and linguistic diversity. In the 21century, we should have youth who have outgrown petty ethnic and tribal bigotries.It follows that Youth Programs such as national service programs, intercultural exchanges, community development projects, peer counseling, mentorship, youth leadership activities and vocational training will equip our young people with the requisite skills they need to function in our market-driven economy. Again, research and empirical studies have shown that when young people are supported by society and provided with the social, economic, cultural and, educational tools they need to succeed, they would have a sense of attachment to the society rather than the feeling of alienation and resentment.
YOUTH PROGRAMS IN GHANA.
Since political independence was attained, the state, political parties, religious organizations, communities and schools have attempted to develop youth organizations such as the Young Pioneers, Catholic Youth Organization (CYO) Young Christian Students, Boys Scouts, youth wing of various political parties, Ashanti Youth Organization, and Wenchi Youth Organization with the goal to promote the interest and the well-being of our youth. However, these organizations are fragmented and their objective are narrowly defined. For example, youth wing in churches are designed to help young people to develop moral discipline and also to attract families into the church. The youth wing of political parties also aimed at attracting young people into a political cause as well as to canvass for political support. Community Youth organizations too have become interest groups engaged in political and legal litigation either to destool a chief or get rid of a District Chief Executive. In fact, the National Youth Council remains oblivion to millions of young people in the country, because it is under-funded and its objectives do not meet the needs of an overwhelming majority of our youth.A national Youth Development Strategy is what is required, one based on mobilization of resources through a partnership with the parents, communities, and other organizations in our society. Youth infrastructures such as Youth Centre, Skills Centres, Volunteer Programs and Cultural Exchanges that would assist our young learn employability skills, social skills, and emotional maturity to become healthy and productive adults. However, I should stress that the establishment of these social programs would require the development of relevant legislation, administrative support and effective delivery system.
YOUTH INFRASTRUTURE.
The government must set up youth centers across the country staffed with social workers, youth counselors, special needs teachers, equipped with computers and games to engage our youth in healthy activities. These centres would provide alternative education for students that have difficulty with the mainstream education system. The center would also provide counseling, health information like HIV/AIDS to high-risk youths, juvenile offenders, run-away youth and homeless youth.
SKILLS CENTRES.
Skills Centres would help unemployed youth facing barriers to employment develop the appropriate skills and work experiences they need to succeed in the labour market. The center could also provide programs for the youth to learn negotiation and communication skills. For example, the government could pass a legislation that would require all state institutions like the Hospitals and District Assemblies to recruit youth volunteers in order to enhance their educational and employment skills. The private sector could also be encouraged to participate in a similar program.
CULTURAL EXCHANGE PROGRAMS.
This would also enable our youth to travel across the country to learn about other regions, cultures and, tribes and to help their social integration as well as enhance their understanding of our tribes. This would not only foster healthy cultural understanding, but also increase ethnic tolerance and peaceful interaction between the various ethnic groups.
CONCLUSION
Many Ghanaians recognize that youth problems in Ghana are enormous and complicated. Nevertheless, the social programs I have suggested, if properly implemented, could make a huge dent in the youth problems confronting the nation. This action plan would shift the policy fragmentation that has characterized government approach to youth development to one of policy co-ordination I should add that it is believed in both the intellectual and non-intellectual circles that our youth problems cannot be solved unless we attain a prosperous economy. We cannot wait any longer for economic boom to dawn on the nation before we make any efforts to solve the youth problems that are beginning to engulf the entire nation. |
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The Youth and National Politics
Ghana is blessed with a rich human resource of which the youth form a majority. They are the cherished treasures of every nation. Thus a nation which losses sight of this valuable resource can only be remembered as a nation that existed once upon a time.
The role of the youth in the country?s democratic development era cannot be over-emphasized. In national policies, the youth are a force to be reckoned with. Their contribution to the evolution of national politics is enormous. We the youth have become the pivot around which politicians forge all sorts of political strategies aimed at soliciting their unfailing support.
When the political atmosphere gathers momentum for national elections, the role of the youth in the various political parties becomes necessary. They keep the flames, symbols and flags of their various political parties high, chant their slogans and make the presence of their parties felt. Some are used as part of the propaganda machinery to abuse or disabuse the minds of the electorate concerning one political party or the other. This is just to ensure victory and sustain political power.
Nowadays, it is commonplace to hear the youth wing of most political parties issuing press statements and holding news conferences on matters of national concern. They are quick to discredit what is considered inappropriate to national development but seldom applaud what should be recommended.
However, in using the youth in such a manner, one must be careful not to sow seeds of discord among the future leaders. Admittedly the youth find themselves in various political endeavors but as patriotic citizens, diverse political ideologies should not make them enemies. As one people with a common destiny, the youth must strive to live in harmony to uphold the image of Ghana. We must bear in mind that there is only one Ghana, a safe haven they should be proud of. The youth should not allow themselves to be unduly instigated and manipulated by individuals or groups who seek to fulfill their selfish desires.
The youth must see it as their responsibility to ensure peaceful co-existence and avoid pronouncements that will inflame passions. In exercising one?s civic and constitutional right of freedom of speech, one must do so, devoid of bad and unacceptable language. Integrity and patriotism should be the hallmark and watchword of the youth.
The youth must learn to dissociate from divisive politics. We must demonstrate a good sense of loyalty and patriotism, putting the nation first before all other political or personal interests. | |
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Street Dreams
Life is said by many not to be fair. This statement is backed by their claims that humans were not created equal. Some are born tall others short. Some are born into rich families others into non existent families. Some are also born with all the physical structures of the human body whilst others are born physically challenged. In whatever form man is born, he owes it a duty to himself to set goals, dream and work at getting his goals and achieving his dreams. The tall have dreams and the short do. So does the disabled in society set for themselves goals too. One wonders what runs through the minds of those affected by disabilities if their dreams do not get fulfilled.
As Marian Wright Edelman rightly said; “We must not, in trying to think about how we can make a big difference, ignore the small daily differences we can make”. Most people think a small help to a disabled person is not worth it. The time has now come for governments, NGOs, philanthropists as well as society to ensure that the dreams and aspirations of the physically challenged do not end on the streets.
A trip round many cities in Ghana mirrors the fate of the disabled. These unfortunate people who need the care and attention of their families as well as society are rather ignored and allowed to dwell on the streets at the mercy of the weather and all the uncomplimentary elements on the streets. The most unfortunate thing is that most of these people were not born handicapped. Some had for several years trodden on their legs. Disabilities in many people were caused by different things. Some were born handicap, others got infected with poliomyelitis, some were involved in almost fatal accidents, and others became disabled as a result of failed abortion attempts by their mothers. Whatever the source, one thing that is a fact is these people have certain parts of their body’s not functioning “naturally”. The very big question however is; is physical impairment an end to its victim?
One very sad thing about the disabled is that most of them at one point in time did actually “enjoy the full services” of their bodies. A visually impaired man I once chanced upon puts it this way; “Circumstances made me what I am”. It therefore frustrates them when people think of them as “unnatural”. Many physically challenged people in society receive stares and sympathetic looks from the people they come into contact with. They are given different places to sit, different places to live when actually they can sit and live among the rest of society. This attitude makes the physically impaired feel hopeless. Society seems less concerned about the disabled. One very common practice in my society is to find a disabled person struggling to move his wheelchair onto a raised portion of the road and not being able to do so whilst the so called able people walk by unconcerned. Even when people offer to help the disabled they do so creating the impression that this is someone who cannot do anything for himself. So which ever way it might be, society finds a way to humiliate the disabled person. When they offer to help they humiliate and when they ignore they do humiliate as well.
The time has now come for society to realize that except for circumstances, most of the disabled men and women around would have been working in the same offices as them or doing the same sports with them as team mates. If this is so then governments, NGOs and society have a responsibility of giving the physically challenged a “fair” deal. One might begin to wonder what role government and NGOs have to play in giving the physically impaired a “fair deal”. The government and NGOs do have a very important and vital role to play in making the lives of the disabled complete.
Governments must make sure to include the disabled in decision making positions. I hope for a day when a physically challenged person will be made a minister or special advisor to the president (At least in Ghana). This way they will make sure that or at least remind members of government to make their policies disability friendly. In Ghana, majority of the state owned as well as private buildings are not easily accessible to people with disabilities. Is it that the governments do not expect people with disabilities to go to the ministries or it is just an oversight? In Ghana’s parliament for instance, my mind cannot just recall any disabled in there. How then can they remember to make laws that are disability sensitive?
The government of Ghana has decided to import old buses from Europe to help in mass transportation. However, none of these buses makes provision for the disabled. Are they not part of the masses? Does disability take you out of those referred to as the masses? Ghanaians for instance refer to soccer as the nation’s passion but the stadia have not been built to accommodate all citizens with reference to the physically challenged. I therefore have a problem with the soccer accession since not all Ghanaians have the opportunity to watch football matches in our stadia. The government in order to create a balance between the physically challenged and the others in society must endeavor to formulate policies that favor the physically challenged. I also wait for the day when a minister will arrive at a press conference in a wheelchair to signify the bridging of the gap between the disabled and the able in society. Governments must insist on awarding government contracts to architects who have the know how about buildings that are disability friendly. The phenomenon of people losing their jobs and thus their means of livelihood simply because of an unfortunate incident of disability should also be reviewed by government. The NGOs also owe it a duty to make sure that the disabled receive a fair share of the poverty reduction packages that their able brothers receive in developing countries. They must also do well to protect the rights of the disabled in cases of human rights violations and also advocate for modern ICT equipments that embrace the ability of the disabled to belong to the global village we are in. This way the cause of the disabled would be well fought for as disability is one thing every man can go to bed and wake up with. When all these are done, the disabled then also realize that they unlike in Ynestra King’s article also have a role to play in society. This encourages them to focus and become productive.
To the rest of society, we must do well not to make derogatory remarks, give strange stares and do things that will make our unfortunate brothers feel as if they belong to different planets. Let’s accept to love (even marry them), care for and treat the disabled well. They are our brothers and sisters. The handicapped if well treated in society can make a difference no matter how small it is. I believe there is no small difference. A Swahili proverb says: “If you ever think we are too small to make a difference, try spending the night cooped up with a mosquito”. If a small insect like the mosquito can make a huge impact given the conditions necessary for it to live then a disabled too can given the necessary conditions.
There are a lot of Terry Fox’s (a teenager who went down with cancer of the legs and yet still made a difference in Canada), President Roosevelt’s (an American president who got paralyzed by polio at 39), Walt Disney’s (had a learning disability) and in Ghana our own Dr. Bashiru Koray’s (a blind lawyer) who have been left on the street to suffer and waste their talents. Society as a whole needs to wake up to the reality that the people with disabilities can make it too so that the dreams and goals of people living with disabilities do not end on the streets where these people beg for alms.
References:
Ynestra, King. The Other Body: Difference, Disability and Identity Politics.
“The Terry Fox Foundation” Website 15 Oct. 2003 www.terryfoxrun.org
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Academia And Industry, What Is The Way Forward?
I have observed with keen interest the activities of academia, industry and the government vis-a-vis the country's developmental growth and it saddens my heart so much.
Many well meaning Ghanaians may have divergent views on this subject. Who says what?
For some people, a perfect and a cordial relationship and atmosphere exist between these major stakeholders of the country's developmental growth. For others,antagonism is the order of the day. Comb most of our industries in this country and you will sympathize with the plight of 'fortunate' Ghanaian students on industrial attachment. The ordeal they would have to go through in order to secure accomodation, fend for themselves and the numerous dangers they are exposed to after a long and tiring semester work.
Worst of it all, the reception and treatment given to students, I am compelled to describe it as inhumane and un-called-for.This attitude renders industrial attachment unpleasant and unattractive eventhough it is a prerequisite prior to the completion of ones programme.Sometimes one feels you are an impediment to progress, so disdained, dejected,rejected and slowly but sure, frustration sets in and the "graduate unemployment syndrome" out there, keeps ringing in your ears every passing day.Is there any hopes at all? Dear reader, just take a pause and carefully consider the cost involved in running final year project work only after sacrificing your scanty and lean resources on such project work to be shelved. The question is, are they meant to adorn shelves?
It is sad but interesting to note that, some students because of the little or no seriousness attached to these project works, under this pretext, jump from one campus to the other in search of already worked project topics which when found are "dubbed" verbatim, upon a little bit of alteration, it is presented for marking and subsequently assessed based on it. What a nefarious canker eating us up. Must we continue to beg or remain paupers, frustrated for life because we are denied the opportunity to maximise or stir up our potentials?
Is it the fault of the lecturer, who has been swimming in one and the same topic all these years? or the industralist who probably out of gross mistrust and inconfidence posed on the Ghanaian technocrat, prefers to contract foreign consultants or researchers at an exorbitant price? or the government who in her bit to cut down on spending neglects budgetary allocation to research work because it is unproductive?
If the academia and industry would work closely with each other such that research relevant to industry are taken up by academia and supported by industry to execute which would go a long way to benefit industry and the nation as a whole.
the government could also formulate a policy to cover student project works and also work at implementing all viable student projects for the good of the country and beyond.
In conclusion, I would like to employ the government to also channel her strength to research work since it is the backbone of the country's developmental growth. Let us reconcile our differences, if any and work closely with each other for a better Ghana. | |
Poverty, Leadership and DevelopmentThe first step in solving any scientific problem is the correct identification and diagnosis of the problem. And economics is a “science”. So, half a century ago, most sub Sahara African countries were granted independence based on the fundamental reason that good and African leadership would bring economic prosperity and alleviate poverty among its people.
Then African “leaders” and students studying in the West are of the economic opinion that slavery and colonization is the main cause of Africa’s underdevelopment. And that Africa must be ruled by Africans. That diagnosis may be dignified and true at the time. But correct diagnosis does not necessarily mean one can logically solve the problem(s).Because between diagnosis and solutions lay greed, further knowledge and love.
Most African politicians then and now chose and ended up with greed. But choosing greed and corruption means dishonestly keeping national wealth for oneself. And for leadership, girlfriends and children only. The poor can go to hell.
Hello, African Politicians and pastors then and now are so rich .And operate like drug couriers-you never know the “assets” they carry (or own) on their arrival (and departure). Very often richer than their western counterparts from whom they always march to beg for money. And their subjects so poor.
But someone must still be blame for Africa’s woes, wars, chaos and poverty. So the causes of African poverty were shifted by its politicians and spin doctors from slavery and colonialism-to imperialism. Next, to World Bank/ IMF conditionality. Then the attitude of the poor. ”Ohia ye ya”.
Take the case of loan conditionality. Every economist knows that all bank loans come with conditionality. You have a reason to (re)negotiate, take or reject it. Period. Next take the case of Structural Adjustment Program (SAP). SAPs generally require countries to devalue their currencies against the dollar; lift import and export restrictions; balance their budgets and not overspend; and remove price controls and state subsidies. But deep down SAP laid economic data collected by the countries themselves to prove or argue their economic performance, or underperformance. And financiers make limited public comments about false data, because of the political implications of these comments. Comments can create economic upheavals, wars and coup d'état. For a very long time in the SAP era, African politicians doctored and cook up SAP economic data to prove that these countries are miraculously doing well. And poverty is falling among their people. Because these leaders wanted to score credit in the eyes of the world and opponents. And consolidate political power.
And financiers kept quiet.
Reason: Poverty and corruption is an economic time bomb. And no government can privately go bed with it for a very long time.
Take the case of Ghana’s Poverty Reduction Strategy(GPRS).If an economy grows @+7% for 10yrs-its Per Capita Income doubles. And results in four fold increase in 20 yrs. Now think of Ghana’s growth rate of 4% and per capita income of $365 and juxtapose it to the per capita income of $1000 in 2010, as envisage in the GPRS i.e. 6yrs from now. Under the bar.
Apparently, the noise being made by politicians in these countries that SAP has brought hardship and HIPC to their people-are all political and economic nons-nse. And late, too. If SAP is fundamentally wrong, what justifies the core, economic reason for HIPC which these countries are pursuing?
In fact, what the Structural Adjustment intends and entails is not what was mostly carried out in these African countries. True-the policies pursued were out of sync and principle with the 19 point SAP plan. Because you cannot solve an economic problem with a political solution.
Most state-owned companies intended to be transparently divested to drive private led growth were non-transparently sold to political fronts, Para –political organizations and girlfriends of African politicians. And who run them down because of inexperience, political interference and high tariffs. Promotion of South-south and intra regional trade was also minimal or non existent. Economic data from ECOWAS alone shows that countries in the sub region can carry out so much business among itself without looking up to the West .Business from the export of salt ,frog legs ,yam, alomo bitters ,clay, leaves, tubers etc.
But judge Nigeria, an “ECOWAS close” economy that did better under agriculture than after the discovery of oil. And which now blames IMF conditionality and “begging” to join HIPC. If Nigeria has invested its oil revenue alone @2% interest rate. Its per Capita income would have been US$1000. Now, Nigeria’s per capita income is less than $300.And there are 20 road blocks within a distance of 200 meters in Lagos state, targeted mostly at other West African citizens. And this keeps one wondering if the ECOWAS bloc is not a useless, documentary organization. Nigeria is likely to drag its feet to join the ECO- the 2nd monetary bloc for West African Countries.
Currently, Africa and Africans find itself in HIPC-not by curse, slavery, colonialism, SAP or the attitude of the poor-but by leadership and political design .Because nations the world over have one thing in common. These are Natural resource, Human resource, 24 working Hours and a visionary leader to convert these resources into wealth. African leaders have converted their resources into HIPC.
The HIPC initiative is based on 2 main economic principles:
First, that nations (or individuals) cannot take loans to settle debt. Because the cumulative interest would be unbearable in the future.
The second principle is based on the Modigliani’s theory, which states that wealth is created out of thrift .And that nations must look inward for resource mobilization. All other HIPC ratios are based on these two principles.
HIPC or no HIPC, what African politicians thirst for is dollar, denominated loans. And financiers laugh in the dark about the way African politicians become excited and lick their mouth at the mention of HIPC funds, loans, grants etc.
And so in a bid to dribble donors and get access to dollars, some HIPC nations are approaching human banks like CNTCI and IFC for loans-instead of institutional Banks. These loans (or credit) are less likely to come because multilateral and bilateral donors will definitely block them. Because it is antithetic to the HIPC principles.
In Ghana, people in high places are quoted as saying that these “monies” are not loans but supplier’s credit. And that money would not be used to settle the loan’s management fees- but “supplies” .Supplies like nails, snails, gear box, kasoa cassava and beautiful Ghanaian gals. Oh Africa!
Now, what Africa needs to get out of poverty and HIPC is good leadership, peace and Investment. But Africa from the sky, land and economic records look like a high risk investor’s delicacy. In fact, the last straw that has broken the back of African investment (FDI) drive and poverty is the sterling performance of China, India. And the 10 new EU members.
And so half a century later.
The clarion call is that: still, the African problem must be solved by Africans. But this time not a dignified and confidence call-but an insult. Meaning-the world is tired of cleaning the sh-t and invented poverty by African leaders and politicians. And so Africans must clean it themselves.
But the insults and manufactured wars by politicians. The wickedness, disgrace, lies, and counter lies displayed in places like the National Reconciliation Commission (in Ghana)-makes African politics and political appointments look like job for perverts, bad boys and gals-who have nothing serious doing.
And so, the African continent and its poor is fast becoming a derelict. The Leaders and Politicians have failed? The World Bank and IMF have failed? The youth and private sector are running away from the continent? Who would save this continent-Africans! | |
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