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The
Amarna tablets were letters of correspondence between Pharoahs of
Egypt and kings of the middle eastern nations,and rulers of Canaan
city states under Egyptian control. The key players that concern
Bible scholors were kings and princes of Jerusalem,Megiddo,Beth
Shean,Gezer,Gaza,Acco,Shechem,Jarmouth,Sile.There were 382 tablets
discovered at El-Amarna,in Egypt,of which 350 are actual letters.The
others are various types of texts and epics.The Vorderasiatisches
Museum in Berlin possess 203 of the tablets.There are 50 in the Cairo
Museum,95 in the British Museum ,22 in the Ashmolean Museum in
Oxford,7 in the Louvre,2 in the New York Metropolitan Museum and 9 in
private collections.Most archeologists date the tablets during the
reigns of the Egyptian kings reign of Akhenatan and Amenhotep
III.Others date the earliest letters to around 1500 bce.Either
way,the Exodus,according to Bible chronology,would have occurred
during the “Amarna period.” The letters from kings and
princes of Canaan and Syria reflect a conquest by “Hapiru,”and
Hittites.The fact that a conquest was possible in spite of a strong
Egyptian military was due to a plague that had ravaged
Egypt,Canaan,Syria and Anatolia.There are several letters that
mention pestilence.
EA
#35—The King of Alishiya tells of
pestilence in His land.
EA #38—The
King of Alishiya denies knowing about men from his country,along with
men of Lukka, seizing Egyptian land.
EA #41---Suppiluliuma,
King of Hatti ,complains that Akenhaten
does not send gifts as his father did.
EA
#75--Rib-Addi of Byblos
complains that the war of the Habiru is
severe against him.The king of Irqata was killed,and Rib-Adda blames
Abdi-Ashurta who has joined the Hittites and helped them take Mitinna
land.
EA
#79—Rib-Addi writes that
Bit-Arha has been taken by the Hapiru at the instigation of
Abdi-Ashurta
EA
#81—Rib-Addi informs the
Pharoah that he is guarding Byblos,and farming has
ceased.Abdi-Ashurta is besieging Byblos.He predicts the city could
fall within two months,if no archers are sent.
EA
#96—Concerning Rib-Hadda and
the refusal to allow men of Simyra into the city due to
pestilence.
EA
#104—Rib-Addi tells the
Pharoah that the city of Ullaza has been overrun by the sons of
Abdi-Ashurta.The city of Arvad has rebelled
EA
#122—Rib-Addi reminds the
Pharoah of the situation in Byblos.
EA
#123—Rib-Addi requests the
three rebels, Abdi-Ashirta,
Yattin-Hadda, Abdi-Milki,be sent to Him from Egypt,where they were
taken.
EA
#137—Rib-Addi wrote that while
he was in Hammuniri,His younger brother conspired against Him.The
city was saved,but states the situation is hopeless.He claims he is
strivken with a disease and request the pharoah give him Jerusalem as
a residence,if Byblos is taken.
EA
#147--Abi Milku,ruler of Tyre
complains that Zimredda, the king of Sidon is planning to join the
rebellion of Aziru,who in letter #151 joined forces with the prince
of Kadesh
EA
#151--Abi-Milku wrote that Zimredda
has waged ar against Him,and that fire has destroyed half of
Ugarit.
EA
#234--Zatatna,
Prince of Akko accusses the commissioner Shuta of ordering Zatatna to
give up Akko.
EA
#237--Biridiya,ruler of
Megiddo,tells the Pharoah that he is guarding His city.
EA
#244--Biridiya accusses Labaya of
treason.Pestilence and disease has struck Megiddo.
EA
#245--Biridiya is hunting for the
rebel Labaya.He complains that one Zurata took Labaya from Megiddo
and released Him.
EA
#246--Biridiya complains that the
sone of labaya have joined the hapiru.
EA
#250--Addu-qarrad
of Gitti-padalla acusses the sons of Labaya of treason.
EA
#252—Labaya defends Himself
against accusations of treason.
EA
#253—Labaya tells the pharoah
he has not entered Gezer,as the accusations state.
EA
#254—Labaya tells the pharoah
he was not aware his son was associated with the Habiru.
EA
#255—Mutbalu,son
of Labaya,tells the king he has not detained the pharoah's
caravan.
EA
#256—Mutbalu tells the Pharoah he has not hidden
Ayab in Pella.
EA
#280—Shuwardata
of Keilah accusses Abdu-Heba of conspiracy,and bribing the people of
Keilah into giving up the city.
EA
#286—Abdu-Heba accusses the
pharoah's commissioner,Yanhamu
,of taking Egyptian military for himself.
EA
#287---Abdu-Heba,ruler of
Jerusalem,accusses the rulers of Lacish,Gezer and Sskelon of giving
aid to the enemy.
EA
#288---Abdu-Heba accusses the people
of Lachish of killing their leader and siding with the Habaru.He
accusses the pharoah of not taking action to protect the land
EA
#289---Abdu-Heba accusses vassel
kings of the pharoah of giving up their cities,one of those being
Shechem.Reoboth was also taken.
EA
#365—Biridiya wrote the
pharoah that he is using forced labor to farm Shunama.He complains
that He is the only one farmimg.
Ugarit
burns
Lament for Ugarit
Pabi
--accusses Shipti-Baal and Zimrida of
conspiracy
Amenhotep--asks
Milkilu of gezer for concubines
Yabitiri—is
guarding the gates of Gaza and Joppa
Rib-hadda—Cities
of Aziru taken
Rib-Hadda—Ebed
Ashura allies with the Amorites
Rib-Hadda—Zemar
is under attack.The Mitanni take Syrian cities
Rib-Hadda—Is
guarding Zemar.The bedouin march away from Zemar
Letters
concerning pestilence:
EA
7
EA
35
From
Suppiluliumas' son
EA
137
EA
244
From
Mursili II of the Hittites.
The
plague prayer of Mursili II