
A Guide To
KARATE DO
FOREWORD
It may be fairly stated that the majority of those who join a karate club do so initially for the wrong reasons. The greatest wish of many young men, attracted by the myth of the invincible karate expert who takes on and defeats all comers and smashes bricks and wood with ease is to wear the magical black belt and themselves become invincible.
But what is not appreciated is the degree of discomfort, the amount of sweat and the years of dedication the young man or woman will have to survive before he or she has the skill necessary to make either objective feasible. Yes, karate techniques can be used to smash objects and defeat opponents; but if this is the chief objective or rather, if this remains the chief objective then that student would be well advised to go and buy a shotgun, which certainly would ensure his success in combat.
Karate-Do is not a sport, nor is it primarily a system of self defence; these are merely facets of a multi-sided diamond, the heart of which is the rough, rugged painstaking quest for the answer to the meaning of existence, undertaken by a master and his pupils in their dojo. To understand this point is to take a great step forward, and to ensure clarification of many of the problems that may arise during the course of training If his Sensei is Japanese, or thoroughly trained in the Japanese spirit, the student may sometimes feel he is being selected for harsh treatment, that the instructor is not being 'fair' to him, all he ever seems to do is criticize. In fact, the student should welcome this; the Sensei is now showing that he has accepted him as a serious student and therefore worthy of criticism. Sometimes the Sensei will test the student's spirit by pressing him to his limits and beyond in stamina, courage and willpower The exhausted pupil should notice, however, that, severe though the Sensei has been, he has also been totally impersonal; and is just as demanding with every other student. Clearly, the master can have no friends in the dojo; by not offering the `prop' of friendship he forces the student to rely solely upon himself.
The student must cultivate the ability to see things in their true perspective and to be completely honest with himself. This means never making excuses for a bad performance, nor being content with 'coasting along' in training. Eventually he will be led to understand that it is just as egotistical to be concerned overmuch with defeat as it is to rejoice in victory It helps to understand that during such a period the body is actually assimilating the new knowledge gained from the training. It will reveal itself eventually and the student will suddenly find that things begin to go right. This plateau effect will pass, and it will also return; though of course each time the effect is maintained at a higher skill level
Once you begin Karate for the benefit you may derive from it, it is our hope as your Instructors that you will continue to train thoroughly until you arrive at a full understanding of the art.
Many people become weary and after the initial training they tend to stop for a while. However, this is a common state and not restricted to the study of Karate alone and a student may succeed or fail, depending on his or her attitude during this period.
Once aware of this state of languor, one must redouble one's efforts and pass through this phase with inspired spiritual effort. If he or she allows themselves to become discouraged and stops, the previous efforts by the student will be lost. The student who enters into this state of weariness shows that he/she does not fully understand or appreciate the art of Karate. If, therefore, any student does stop training and gives up the art with only superficial understanding of it, it can be properly said of them that a little knowledge can be a dangerous thing.
The most common cause of falling into this state of weariness and dejection is falling behind in training, as compared with those who started the same time or even later than you. Another cause could be injury or sickness, or even the inability to use the limbs in a co-ordinated manner due to the lack of training. Yet another cause could be the lack of an Instructor to encourage or provide better training. These are the basic causes of student failures.
Another factor is that the student may feel that his lack of training makes him/her feel self conscious in front of his/her fellow students. The general excuses are that he/she is not really suited for Karate and finally quits the club altogether. The best way to progress is to keep to a schedule of regular practice each day to continue even after having fallen behind one's peers (one can catch up with them quite easily). Firmly set light goals to achieve and to practice without rushing or becoming impatient. This is in order that one may maintain one's interest and enthusiasm in Karate. (See Maxims)
DOJO KUN (dojo Maxims)
These Maxims are mottos, the spirit of which serious students of Karate should try to follow
if they wish to gain the maximum from their training. The Maxims are like the English sayings
'Service not self, `Deeds not words; 'Be prepared; and exemplify an attitude which dictates a way of life.
1. Reisetsu O Mamori (Stick to the rules).
In the Dojo good etiquette must be observed by following the rules.
2. Shingi O Omanji (A student must have loyalty to his instructor).
This is the most important thing in Marital Arts. It is not possible for someone to change his style
in Japanese Marital Arts, People who do so cannot learn the correct etiquette and spirit of
Marital Arts.
3. Jojitsu Ni Oberezu (Teachers and students are not all one).
Outside the Dojo you can be friendly with your Sensei but do not take advantage of his friendship.
In the Dojo respect and revere him.
4. Shinkenmi Ni Tesseyo (Be serious in your efforts).
No flippancy, chattering, smoking, gum chewing, eating or drinking in the Dojo. Concentrate
solely on Karate and train hard in everything you do. The Dojo is not a social gathering hall
and visitors as well as students shall respect the rules and the Maxims.
Japanese terminology and Wado-Kai principles.
Dojo maxims
Do not use unnecessary force
Do not use unnecessary movement
Do not use unnecessary technique to achieve your effect.
Principles
Nagasu parrying, moving off the line of attack to allow it to flow past. Literally meaning “to float”.
Inasu deflecting and dodging an attacking technique.
Noru “riding” using body pressure to control opponents’ technique
Irimi move to enter the opponents attack.
Taisabaki body management/body shifting. “Optimum utilization” wado –kai movements are performed with economy of motion.
Zanshin remaining mind / awareness.
Haragei breathing art / body focus
Kiai spirit / focus
Musubi “connection” this deals with finding the opponents centre of gravity
Maai the state of mind and spirit of the combatants, and the distance between them. Keep enough space to attack and defend.
Nagashi body evasion.
“ki ken tai no ichi “
“Mind and body as one”
Coordination of mind and body in movement. Thought and action must become one; there is no time to concentrate on thought in battle.
“Hei jo shin”
“Calm mind and body”
When an opponent feints or draws a weapon you should not flinch but be prepared.
Harness the adrenal state so that you do not panic but fight reflexively.
Japanese terminology.
Sensei ni rei – bow to instructor
Otag ni rei – bow to all assembled
Kritz – stand (from kneeling position)
Rei – bow
Yoi – ready stance
Sensei – instructor (one who came first)
Sempai – senior student
Mokso – meditation
Dojo – training hall
Hajime – start
Kiai – shout with spirit
Yame – stop
Jodan – head level
Chudan – mid level (solar plexus)
Gedan – lower level
Hidari shizentai – left natural stance
Migi shizentai – right natural stance
Hidari gamae – left lunge punch position
Migi gamae – right lunge punch position
Sonabade ippon turo – reverse punch position
Renraku waza – combination techniques
Surikomi – step
Mawatte – turn
Kumite – sparring
Uchi strike
Shuto – knife hand
Seiken – forefist
Nukite – spear hand
Empi – elbow
Haito – ridge hand
Teisho – palm heel
Tettsui – hammer fist
Uke block
Soto uke – outer block
Uchi uke – inner block
Jodan uke – head block
Gedan berai – low sweep block
Shuto uke – knife edge block
Stances
Masubi dachi – open toed heels together
Zenkutsu dach – front leaning stance
Hanmi gamae – fighting stance
Neko ashi dachi – cat stance
Kokutsu dachi – back leaning stance
Kiba dachi – straddle stance
Shiko dachi – sumo stance
Hand techniques
Junzuki – Front punch
Gyakazuki – reverese punch
Tobikomizuki – snap punch
Furiken – swinging punch
Nagashizuki off centre line punch
Uraken – back fist
Kicking techniques
Kin geri – groin
Yoko geri – side kick
Mawashi geri – roundhouse kick
Ura mawashi – hook kick
Ushiro geri – back kick
Sokuto geri – edge of foot side kick
Mae geri – front kick
Hiza geri – knee thrust
Ashi berai – foot sweep
Mae tobi geri – jumping/flying kick
Mikazuki geri – crescent kick
Nidan geri - jumping double kick
Mae ren geri – double step through kick.
Number counting
Ichi – one
Ni - two
San - three
chi - four
Go - five
Roku - six
Shichi - seven
Hachi - eight
Ku - nine
Ju – ten
Counting beyond ten - 14 is 10 plus 4 = ju chi.
- 36 is 3 x 10 + 6 = jan ju roku etc etc