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In NPCC, we learn about basic campcraft knowledge. Basic campcraft knowledge ensures our survival and comfort when camping outdoors. Knots and Lashing are very important for our camping activities as we need them to ensure that it(knots and lashing) secure our equipments when using them. Example of equipments which need knots and lashing when camping are tents, flag pole, tripod for cooking, man made dustbin, artificial bridge, ladder and a stand.
Of course we need the most basic equipments like poles, twine, bamboo, spars, manila rope, nylon rope, pulley for flag, pegs for tent, mallet for peging of pegs and switch blade or jack-knife or even scissors for cutting of twines.
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1.1 Diagonal Lashing
- used for securing 2 spars across each other but standing at an acute angle to each other.
 Start with a timber hitch across both spars. Take 3 or more turns in 1 direction.
 Continue with the same number of turns in the opposite direction.
 Tighten with frapping turns.
 Lastly, tie a clove hitch on the nearer spar.
1.2 Gyn Lashing
- Used for lashing 3 poles together to make a tripod, a raft.
 Start with a clove hitch on the first spar, then start turning around the 3 spars. Stop when u have made at least 4 or 5 turns.
 After the rounds are done, start frapping around the rope. This is to ensure that it is tight. End with a clove hitch on the last spar.
1.3 Square Lashing
- Used for securing 2 spars touching and crossing each other at right(90 degree) angle.
 Start with a clove hitch on the upright spar. Carry the end in front of the horizontal, behind the upright and down in front of the horizontal.
 Continue this way keeping inside previous turns on the upright and outside previous turns on the horizontal.
 After three to five turns as described above, conclude with 2 to 3 frapping turns.
 Lastly, tie a clove hitch on the other spar.
1.4 Round Lashing
- Used for joining 2 poles together.
- Used in the construction of flagpoles.
Start with a clove hitch around on spar.
The number of turns depends on the length of the rope, tightening the rope at every half-turn.
End the lashing with a clove hitch on the other spar.
1.5 Sheer Lashing
- Made near the tip of a pair of parallel poles.
- Can be opened out to form a “scissors legs”, known as sheer legs.
Start with a clove hitch on one spar.
Start to tie round lashing (the number of turns depends on the length of the rope)
Start frapping (as shown in the diagram)
End with a clove hitch on the other spar.
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Parts of a NPCC tent
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1 inner sheet
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1 outer sheet
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1 ground sheet
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1 horizontal pole
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2 vertical poles
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14 metal pegs
Pegging
Pegs are very important in tent-pitching as they secure the tent. Always remember to hammer the pegs at 45 degrees to the ground. Ensure that there is a small gap enough for a finger to enter.
There will be 14 pegs altogether. There will be 6 pegs for each inner and outer sheet respectively, and 2 pegs at each vertical pole. All pegs must be facing the centre of the horizontal pole.
Pitching Procedure
1) 2 people will open the inner sheet and outer sheet in a fast way. 2 will give out the twines. The other 2 will give out the pegs. After that, all 6 will start to tie bowline to the 6 loop-holes to the inner sheet. This goes the same for the outer sheet.
2) The 2 people who are going to hold the vertical poles will have to slip in the horizontal pole into the inner sheet and bring it up. Ensure that the vertical poles are perpendicular to the ground. The 4 people at the corners will start to peg, taking 1 and a half peg length from the corner. Make sure that they are 45 degrees to the ground and facing the centre. After the pegs are done, the 4 bowline at the 4 corners are to be secured to the peg using the tent-guy loop. Or if time is limited, the two opposite ends can start tying. Tie 1 ˝ hitch and 2 ˝ butterfly knots to secure it. Whoever finishes faster will go the centre and peg and tie the tent-guy loop. The same goes for the outer sheet.
3) The 2 people holding the vertical pole will have to tie a clove-hitch on top of the outer sheet using the 2m long twine. He will have to take a 3 peg measurement from the vertical pole to start pegging. After pegging, he will have to tie a tent-guy loop. We call that the main guy-line. Tie 1 ˝ hitch and 2 ˝ butterfly knots to secure it.
4) Make sure that the wall flaps are vertical and touching the ground. Ensure that there is a ventilation gap of about 15-20cm between the inner and outer sheet. Unfold the ground sheet inside the tent and lay it flat.
5) Lastly, fold the window flaps and tie a knot that is neat to secure it.
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Parts of a flag staff
- 2 long poles
- 3 pegs
- 3 manila ropes
- twine
- pulley (optional)
Procedure
1) Use round lashings to lash the 2 long poles together. The thicker pole will be the bottom of the flag staff. The length of the overlapping portion should be least 1/3 the length of the longer pole.
2) Use clove hitches to secure the 3 manila hemp / nylon ropes to the flag staff, between the 2 lashings. These will form the guylines of the flagpole. The clove hitches should be adjusted such that the working end is about 120 degrees to one another, leaving no gaps between each hitch.
3)Hammer in the 3 pegs into position. They should be 6 to 8 footsteps away from the base and at an angle of 120 degrees to one another
4) Tie a s-whipping near the top of the spar.
5) Use a long piece of nylon rope as a flag line, running it through the pulley loop.
6) Raise the flag staff with one person anchoring the base.
7) Adjust the flag staff until it is vertical then secure the 3 guylines to their pegs simultaneously using the guyline hitches. There must be somebody to see if the flag pole is vertical.
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