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DRUG SIDE EFFECTS
Isodes are homoeopathic attenuations of botanical, zoological or chemical substances including drugs, excipients, or binders which have been ingested or otherwise absorbed by the body and are believed to have produced a disease or disorder which interferes with homoeostasis. They are prepared according to homoeopathic principles provided the basic substance is not altered and the final product is not adulterated by any pathogen on other deleterious substances. These are not used below 6x. Preparation is made as per Homoeopathic Pharmacopoeia of India.
These also contain preparations made from commonly used allopathic medicines and they cover the side-effects of the allopathic medicines. They are generally prepared at physician/prescriber level. Awareness of side-effects of these drugs and their lower attenuations upto 3x is essential.
Acacia farnesiana
Hypersensitivity reactions.
Acetazolamide
Tingling of the face and extremities. Fatigue, excitement, thirst, headache, dizziness, ataxia, hyperpnoea, tinnitus, hearing loss and gastro-intestinal disturbances occasionally occur.
Transient myopia has also been reported.
Acetohexamide
As for chlorpropamide.
Acetophenazine maleate
As for chlorpromazine.
Acriflavine
Photosensitivity.
Adrenalinum
Anxiety, dyspnoea, hyperglycaemia, restlessness, palpitations, tachycardia, tremors, weakness, dizziness, headache and coldness of the extremities.
Allopurinol
The rash may be maculopapular, exfoliative, urti-carial or purpuric, fever chills and Stevens-Johnson syndrome.
Alphaprodine
As for morphine.
Aluminium hydroxide
Nausea, vomiting and constipation.
Amidopyrine
Agranulocytosis, life threatening asthmatic attack.
Amiloride hydrochloride
Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhoea or constipation, paraesthesia, thirst dizziness, skin rash, pruritus, weakness, muscle cramps and minor psychiatric or visual changes.
Aminocaproic acid
Hypotension, pruritus, erythema, skin rash, nausea, conjunctival suffusion, nasal stuffiness, diuresis and muscle pain and weakness.
Aminophylline, Diprophylline, Proxyphylline
Gastro-intestinal irritation and stimulation of the central nervous system, insomnia, headache, anxiety, confusion, restlessness, hyperventilation, vertigo and palpitations.
Amitriptyline embonate, Clomipramine hydrochloride
Paralytic ileus, urinary retention, blurred vision and changes in accommodation, palpitation and tachycardia, ataxia epileptiform seizures, cardiacarrhythmias, changes in libido, impotence.
Ammonium chloride
Nausea, vomiting, thirst, headache, hyperventilation and progressive drowsiness and lead to profound acidosis and hypokalaemia.
Amoxicillin
As for ampicillin.
Amphetamine sulphate
As for dexamphetamine sulphate.
Ampicillin, Amoxicillin
Allergic reactions, maculo-papular eruptions.
Amylobarbitone sodium
As for phenobarbitone.
Anaesthetic ether
Laryngeal spasm, increases capillary bleeding.
Antihistamines
Sedation, varying from slight drowsiness to deep sleep and including inability to concentrate, lassitude, dizziness, hypotension, muscular weakness and incoordination, sedative effects, antihistamines may also produce headache, blurred vision, tinnitus elation or depression, irritability, nightmares, anorexia, difficulty in micturition, dryness of the mouth, tightness of the chest, and tingling, heaviness and weakness of the hands.
Arginine
Vomiting, hyperchloraemic, acidosis, uraemia.
Aspirin, Sodium salycylate
Nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia, erosion, ulceration and haematemesis.
Atropine, Chlorphenoxamine hydrochloride, Cyclopentolate hydrochloride, Orphenadrine citrate
Dryness of the mouth with difficulty in swallowing, thirst, dilation of the pupils with loss of accommodation and photophobia, increased intra-ocular pressures, flushing and dryness of the skin, transient bradycardia.
Bacitracin
Nephrotoxicity.
Barbitone sodium
As for phenobarbitone.
Benzalkonium chloride
As for cetrimide.
Benzoic acid
Gastric irritation.
Benzoin
Contact dermatitis.
Benzthiazide
As for chlorothiazide.
Benzyl penicillin
Hypersensitive patient, anaphylactic shock with collapse and sometimes death may occur within minutes, urticaria, fever, eosinophilia, joint pains, angioneurotic oedema, erythema multiforme and exfoliative dermatitis, although an accelerated reaction can develop within hours.
Berberine sulphate
Depress respiration.
Borax
As for Boric acid.
Boric acid, Borax
Vomiting and diarrhoea, an erythematous rash followed by desquamation, and stimulation of the central nervous system followed by depression.
Bromhexine hydrochloride
Transient rise in serum aminotransferase values.
Bromides
Bromism, slurred speech, memory impairment, drowsiness, disorientation, irritability, ataxia, dizziness, tremors, hallucinations, mania, stupor, coma.
Bromocriptine mezylate
Syncope has followed initial doses of bromocriptine, hallucinations, depression and mania.
Butylated hydroxytoluene
Hypersensitivity reactions.
Caffeine
Insomnia, headaches, irritability and symptoms of anxiety neurosis.
Calcium carbonate
Constipation, flatulence, hypercalcaemia, renal dysfunction.
Camphor
Colic, headache, dizziness, muscle twitching, epileptiform convulsions, depression of the central nervous system and coma.
Carbachol
As for methacholine chloride.
Carbamazepine
Dizziness, drowsiness, ataxia, erythematous rashes, paraesthesia, headache, heart block, congestive heart failure, water intoxication and dyskinesias.
Carbimazole, Methimazole, Methylthiouracil, Propylthiouracil
Rashes, nausea, headache and gastro-intestinal upsets. Alopecia, thrombocytopenia, aplastic anaemia.
Carbon disulphide
Disturbances of peripheral nerve function and of vision. Neuropsychiatric effects including emotional disorders, psychoses and parkinsonism.
Carbon tetrachloride
Drowsiness, giddiness, headache, confusion, nausea and vomiting.
Carphenazine maleate
As for chlorpromazine.
Cephalexin, Cephradine
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and abdominal discomfort, skin rashes, easinophilia and neutropenia.
Cephradine
As for Cephalexin.
Cetrimide, Benzalkonium chloride, Cetylpyridinium chloride, Domiphen bromide, Methylbenzethonium chloride
Nausea and vomiting, oesophageal damage and necrosis. Depolarising muscle relaxant properties and toxic symptoms include dyspnoea and cyanosis due to paralysis of the respiratory muscles, possibly leading to asphyxia, depression of the central nervous system (possibly preceded by excitement and with convulsions), hypotension.
Cetylpyridinium chloride
As for cetrimide.
Chloral betaine
As for chloral hydrate.
Chloral hydrate, Chloral betaine
Corrosive to skin and mucous membranes, cardiac arrhythmias, jaundice, albuminurial, allergic reactions.
Chloramphenicol
Depression of the bone marrow, lucopenia and thrombocytopenia, haemolytic anaemia, optic neuritis, local hypersensitivity reactions, stomatitis, glossitis and rectal or vaginal irritation.
Chlorbutol
Central nervous system depression with weakness, loss of consciousness and depressed respiration.
Chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride
As for diazepam
Chlorocresol
As for phenol.
Chloroform, Ethyl chloride
Hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic.
Chloroquine
Abdominal cramps, pruritus, purpuric skin eruptions; ECG changes, double vision.
Chlorothiazide, Benzthiazide, Chlorthalidone, Cyclopenthiazide, Hydrochlorothiazide, Methylclothiazide
Allergies, skin rashes, thirst, epigastric pain, anorexia, gastric irritation, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, constipation, photosensitivity, dizziness, headache, muscle spasm, weakness, inflammation of the salivary gland, loss of libido and paraesthesiasa. Acute pancreatitis has been reported. Pneumonitis, jaundice, agranulocytosis, aplastic anaemia, thrombocytopenia and leucopenia, hyperglycaemia and glycosuria, hyperuricaemia have been occasionally occurred.
Chloroxylenol
As for phenol.
Chlorphenoxamine hydrochloride
As for atropine.
Chlorpromazine hydrochloride, Acetophenazine maleate, Carphenazine maleate, Droperidol, Fluopromazine hydrochloride, Haloperidol
Drowsiness, dryness of the mouth, nasal congestion, postural hypotensiion, lowering of body temperature (occasionally pyrexia), tachy-cardia, arrhythmias, agitation, insomnia, depression, miosis and mydriasis, convulsions, photosensitivity, skin rashes and inhibition of ejaculation, eosinophilia, urticaria.
Chlorpropamide, Acetohexamide, Gilbenclamide, Tolazamide, Tolbutamide
Epigastric pain, dizziness, weakness, and paraesthesia, eosinophilia, jaundice, skin rashes.
Chlorthalidone
As for chlorothiazide.
Cholestyramine
Constipation, diarrhoea, heartburn, haemorrhoids.
Cineole
As for Eucalyptus Oil.
Clioquinol
Subacute myelo-optic neuropathy.
Clomipramine hydrochloride
As amitriptyline embonate.
Clonazepam
As for diazepam.
Clonidine hydrochloride
Angio-oedema, parotid pain, pruritus.
Clotrimazole
Gastro-intestinal disturbance and depression occur following ingestion, neutropenia has been reported, contact allergic dermatitis.
Codeine phosphate
As for morphine.
Colchicine
Skin rashes and renal and hepatic damage, alopecia.
Colophony
Skin sensitisation.
Corticosteroids
Disturbance of electrolyte balance, excessive metabolic effects lead to mobilisation of calcium and phosphorus, with osteoporosis and spontaneous fractures, nitrogen depletion and hyperglycaemia with accentuation of precipitation of the diabetic state; the topical application of corticosteroid preparations to the eyes has produced corneal ulcers, raised intra-ocular pressure, reduced visual function; application of corticosteroids to the skin has led to loss of skin collagen and subcutaneous atrophy; growth retardation, moon face, hirisutism, buffalo hump, flushing, increased bruising, striae, and acne, sometimes leading to a fully developed Cushing's syndrome; amenorrhea, mental and neurological disturbances, intracranial hypertension, acute pancreatitis and aseptic necrosis of bone, muscular weakness.
Corticotrophin
Hypertension and heart failure; hypokalemia, adrenal suppression, allergy, disturbances of electrolyte balance.
Creosote
As for Phenol.
Cresol
As for Phenol.
Crotamiton
Transient erythema, and sensation of warmth.
Cyclobarbitone calcium
As for phenobarbitone.
Cyclopenthiazide
As for chlorothiazide.
Cyclopentolate hydrochloride
As for atropine.
Deslanoside
As for digoxin.
Dexamphetamine sulphate, Amphetamine sulphate, Methylergometrine maleate
Dryness of mouth, metallic taste, anorexia, nausea, constipation or diarrhoea, difficulty in micturition, mydriasis, agitation and restlessness, insomnia, headache, dizziness and tremor.
Diazepam, Chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride, Clonazepam, Prazepam
Light headedness and ataxia, hypotension, some respiratory depression, constipation, changes in salivation, blurred vision and diplopia, dysarthria skin rashes, urinary retention, incontinence, mental depression, tremor, headache, confusion, slurred speech, vertigo and changes in libido.
Dichloralphenazone
As for chloral hydrate.
Diethylcarbamazine citrate
Anorexia nausea, vomiting headache, allergic reaction; encephalitis and retinal haemorrhage may occur in patients with loaiasis.
Diethylene glycol
Depression of the central nervous system and degeneraative changes in the kidneys and liver, hypocalcaemic tetany and metabolic acidosis.
Digitoxin
As for digoxin.
Digoxin, Digitoxin, Lanatoside
Nausea, vomiting and anorexia, facial pain malaise, paraesthesia in the extremities and lumbar area, frequent ectopic heart beats.
Dihydroergotamine mesylate
As for Ergot.
Diphenoxylte hydrochloride
Swelling of the gums, abdominal distention, paralytic ileus, toxic megacolon, headache, drowsiness, insomnia, dizziness, restlessness, euphoria, depression, numbness of the extremities, skin rash.
Diprophylline
As for aminophylline.
Disulfiram
Gastro-intestinal upsets, body odour, bad breath, drowsiness, headache, impotence, and occasionally allergic dermatitis, peripheral and optic neuritis and psychotic reactions, hepatitis has been reported.
Dithranol
Burning sensation on skin.
Domiphen bromide
As for cetrimide.
Dopamine
Extravasation of dopamine may cause ischaemic necrosis, anginal pain.
AG Bird, R Lendrum, RA Asherson and GR Hughes
A middle aged woman presented with acute, severe, intravascular coagulation leading to ischaemic necrosis of the extremities. Pulmonary involvement required artificial ventilation, and there was evidence of hepatic, pancreatic, and renal damage, which resolved without complication. These events may have been triggered by the ingestion of compound diuretic tablets. The finding of the 'lupus anticoagulant' and anticardiolipin antibodies, together with high titre antinuclear factor in the serum, and antibodies to extractable nuclear antigen (RNP), and a past history of spontaneous abortion, suggest that this was a dramatic manifestation of an immune connective tissue disorder.
Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 1987, Vol 46, 251-255 ]
Droperidol
As for chlorpromazine.
[ATTENUATION OF THE DIURETIC EFFECT OF DOPAMINE BY DROPERIDOL IN MAN AND DOGS
F. GOTO, M.D., PH.D., T. FUJITA, M.D., PH.D. and Y. FUSE, M.D.
Department of Anesthesiology,
British Journal of Anaesthesia, 1979, Vol. 51, No. 2 107-112 © 1979 ]
Edta
Hypotension, tachycardia vomiting and anaphylactic reactions.
Enflurane
Hiccups and shivering hypotension, cardiacarrhythmias, stimulant effect on the CNS and increased motor activity and convulsions.
Ephedrine, Hydroxyamphetamine
Giddiness, headache, nausea, vomiting, sweating, thirst, tachycardia, precordial pain, palpitations, difficulty in micturition, muscular weakness and tremors, anxiety, restlessness and insomnia.
Ergometrine maleate, Methylergometrine maleate
Nausea, vomiting, hypertension, chest pain, palpitation, dyspnoea and bradycardia.
Ergot, Dihydroergotamine mesylate, Ergotamine tartrate
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, thirst, coldness of the sking, pruritus, weak pulse, numbness and tingling of the extremities, confusion, and unconsciousness, hyperthyroidism, thrombi, anginal pain, tachycardia or bradycardia, hemiplegia.
Ergotamine tartrate
As for Ergot.
Erythromycin
Gastro-intestinal disturbances, reversible deafness.
Ethambutol hydrochloride
Neuritis, green-red colour blindness, confusion, disorientation, hallucinations, joint pain.
Ethanolamine
Allergic reactions have been reported.
Ethchlorvynol
Blurred vision, facial numbness, hypotension, thrombbocytopenia, cholestatic jaundice, hypothermia, hypotension and relative bradycardia.
Ethyl chloride
As for chloroform
Ethylene glycol
Depression of the central nervous system and nephrotoxicity, muscle tenderness, pulmonary oedema, hypocalcaemic tetany.
Eucalyptus oil, Cineole
Epigastric burning, nausea and vomiting, dizziness and muscular weakness, miosis, tachycardia and a feeling of suffocation. Cyanosis, delirium and convulsions may occur.
Fenofibrate
Muscle pain, alopecia, gastro-intestinal haemorrhage, muscle weakness.
Fenfluramine
Nausea, diarrhoea, headache, dizziness and sedation, constipation, fatigue.
Fenoprofen
As for Ibuprofen
Flucytosine
Skin rashes, confusion, hallucinations, headache, sedation, vertigo and eosinophila, bone-marrow depression, especially leucopenia and thrombocytopenia.
Fluopromazine hydrochloride
As for chlorpromazine.
Fluorescein sodium
Nausea, vomiting, syncope.
Formaldehyde solution
Formaldehyde vapour is irritant to the eyes, nose and respiratory tract, and may cause coughing, dysphagia, spasm of the larynx, bronchitis, and pneumonia; asthma has been reported after reported exposure.
Frusemide
Electrolyte imbalance, allergy, nausea, diarrhoea, blurred vision, dizziness, headache, pancreatitis, photosensitivity, skin rashes, muscle spasm, and hypotension. Agranulocytosis, aplastic anaemia, thrombocytopenia and leucopenia have been reported. Liver damage and paraesthesia have also been reported.
Furozolidone
Vesicular or morbilliform rashes.
Gelatin
Allergic and anaphylactic reactions.
Gentamicin, Tobramycine
As for neomycin, vestibular damage.
Gilbenclamide
As for chloropropamide.
Glucagon
Hypersensitivity reactions and hypokalaemia.
Glutethimide
Excitement, hang-over, blurred vision, exfoliative dermatitis.
Glycerol
Hyperglycaemia.
Glyceryl trinitrate, Isosorbide dinitrate
Guaiphenesin
Gastro-intestinal discomfort and drowsiness.
Haloperidol
Sedation, pharmacological action are similar to those of chlorpromazine.
Halothane
Depressant action on the cardiovascular system.
Heparin
Tansient alopecia, thrombocytopenia and osteoporosis with spontaneous fractures have been reported.
Heptabarbitone
As for phenobarbitone.
Hexachlorophane
Dehydration, shock.
Hexylresorcinol
Irritant and corrosive to mucosa and to the skin; alcoholic solutions have vesicant properties.
Histamine acid phosphate
Headache, flushing of the skin, general vasodilatation with a fall in blood pressure, tachycardia, bronchial constriction and dyspnoea, visual disturbances, vomiting and diarrhoea.
Hydrochlorothiazide
As for chlorothiazide.
Hydrocyanic acid
Constriction of the throat, confusion, giddiness, staggering, foaming at the mouth, palpitation, unconsciousness and convulsion.
Hydroquinone
Irritant and has caused conjuctival changes and depigmentation, systemic effects are similar to those of phenol.
Hydroxyamphetamine
As for ephedrine.
Ibuprofen, Fenoprofen
Gastro-intestinal disturbances. Peptic ulceration and gastro-intestinal bleeding, hypersensitivity reactions, abnormalities of liver function tests, impairment of renal function.
Idoxuridine
Inflammation or oedema of the eyes or eyelids, photophobia may develop.
Indigo carmine
Hypertension and bradycardia and occasionally, allergic reactions such as skin rash, pruritus, and bronchoconstriction.
Indocyanine green
Headache, diaphoresis, pruritus and anaphylactic reaction. Hepatic impairment.
Indomethacin
Gastro-intestinal disturbances, headache and dizziness.
Interferons
Pyrexia, myelosuppression with leucopenia and thrombocytopenia.
Isoniazid
Gastro-intestinal effects, peripheral neuropathy, convulsions, optic neuritis and psychotic reactions; liver damage has occurred.
Various skin reactions, hyperglycaemia and acidosis have occurred, Pellagra may be related to an isoniazid-induced pyridoxine deficiency.
Isosorbide dinitrate
As for glyceryl trinitrate.
Kanamycin
As for Neomycin.
Kaolin
The absorbent properties of kaolin and other clays may influence the gastro-intestinal absorption of other drugs.
Lanatoside
As for digoxin.
Levodopa
Nausea and anorexia, abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhoea and dysphagia, dyspepsia and gastro-intestinal bleeding, postural hypotension, cardiacarrhythmias, hallucinations, suicidal behaviour and unmasking of dementia, blurred vision.
Levomethadyl acetate
As for morphine.
Macrogol 6000
Contact dermatitis.
Magnesium carbonate, Magnesium trisilicate
Mucosal irritation, flushing of skin, thirst hypotension, weakness, respiratory depression, cardiac arrhythmia, coma, cardiac arrest.
Magnesium trisilicate
As for light magnesium carbonate, development of a siliceous calculus has followed the prolonged use of magnesium trisilicate.
Menthol
Hypersensitivity reactions, contact dermatitis.
Meprobamate
Ataxia, purpura, angioneurotic oedema.
Mercaptomerin
As for Mersalyl.
Mersalyl, Mercaptomerin
Stomatitis, gastric disturbance, vertigo, febrile reactions, and skin eruptions and irritation. Diarrhoea and hypersensitivity reactions may occur. Thrombocytopenia, neutropenia and agranulocytosis followed the use of mercurial diuretics.
Metformin hydrochloride
As for phenformin hydrochloride.
Methacholine chloride, Carbachol
Sweating, salivation, lachrymation, involuntary defecation, peripheral vasodilatation leading to hypotension, transient heart block.
Methadone hydrochloride
As for morphine.
Methaqualone
Hangover, dizziness, aplastic anaemia, hepatic damage.
Methimazole
As for carbimazole.
Methisazone
Skin rashes and alopecia have been reported.
Methoxsalen
Nausea, oedema, dizziness, nervousness, insomnia, pruritus, mental excitation, and mental depression, cutaneous photosensitisation. Acute dermatitis may also develop.
Methoxyflurane
Depresses the cardiovascular system and hypotension may occur, bronchospasm, laryngospasm.
Methyl alcohol
Visual disturbance often proceeding to irreversible blindness.
Methylbenzethonium chloride
As for cetrimide.
Methyl bromide
Weakness, ataxia, confusion, hyperactivity, convulsions, pulmonary oedema.
Methylclothiazide
As for chlorothiazide.
Methylergometrine maleate
As for Ergometrine maleate.
Methylergometrine maleate
As for dexamphetamine sulphate.
Methylphenobarbitone
As for phenobarbitone.
Methylthiouracil
As for carbimazole.
Metaclopramide hydrochloride
Extrapyramidal reactions, anxiety, galactorrhoea and gynaecomostia.
Metronidazole
Gastro-intestinal discomfort, anorexia, coated tongue, dry mouth, frequently vomiting, diarrhoea, peripheral neuropathy.
Metyrapone
Epigastric pain, thrombophlebitis has been reported after intravenous injection of the tartrate.
Minoxidil
Tachycardia, weight gain, hypertrichosis. Conjunctival redness, pruritus.
Monobenzone
May cause skin irritation and sensitisation. Excessive depigmentation may occur even beyond the areas under treatment and may produce unsightly patches.
Morphine, Alphaprodine, Codeine phosphate, Levomethadyl acetate, Methadone hydrochloride
Drug dependence of the morphine type is a state arising from repeated administration of morphine or a drug with morphine like effects; it is characterised by an overwhelming need to continue taking the drug, constipation, drowsiness. Micturition may be difficult and there may be ureteric billiary spasm, bradycardia, palpitations, hypothermia, restlessness, changes of mood. Urticaria and pruritus occur in some individuals.
Nalidixic acid
Myalgia, phototoxicity and allergic reactions have occurred, acute psychoses, cholestatic jaundice.
Nalorphine hydrochloride
Bradycardia, hypotension, sweating, feeling of drunkenness, respiratory depression and disturbing psychotic effects.
Neomycin, Gentomycin, Kanamycin
Neomycin may cause irreversible partial or total deafness, nephrotoxicity, malabsorption, neuromuscular blocking action, hypersensitivity reactions.
Natamycin
Vomiting anorexia and diarrhoea.
Neostigmine
Salivation, anorexia, abdominal cramps. Lachrymation, watery nasal discharge, involuntary defaecation and urination, broncho constriction.
Nikethamide
Sweating nausea and vomiting, sneezing, coughing, flushing of the skin, and pruritus, anxiety, restlessness, tremor, muscle, twitching or ridigity, pyrexia, hypertension, tachycardia, and cardiac arrhythmias.
Nitrazepam, Temazepam
Drowsiness, hangover, confusion. Excessive secretion of mucus and saliva may occur in children given high doses.
Nitrofurantoin
Nausea, vomiting, drowsiness and headache, poly-neuritis, usually related to high blood concentrations, skin rashes, megaloblastic anaemia, haemolytic anaemia.
Nitrofurazone
Allergic skin reactions, polyneuritis, nausea, vomiting. Carcinogenic in rats.
Nitrous oxide
Hypoxia, depression of the bone marrow.
Noradrenaline
Palpitations, and respiratory difficulty.
Nutmeg oil
Miosis sometimes followed by mydriasis and euphoria and hallucinations.
Nystatin
Nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea, allergic contact dermatitis.
Oral contraceptives
There is an increased risk of thrombo-embolic disease related at least in part to the oestrogen content, an increased risk of fatal myocardial infarction, hypertension, liver function can be impaired, depression and other mental changes. Spotting break through bleeding or amenorrhoea can occur during treatment and amenorrhoea may also occur when oral contraceptives are withdrawn.
Orange g
Allergic dermatitis.
Orphenadrine citrate
As for atropine.
Oxyphenbutazone
As for Phenylbutazone.
Oxytetracycline
As for tetracycline hydrochloride.
Papaverine
Gastro-intestinal disturbance, flushing of the face, headache, drowsiness, skin rash, sweating and vertigo.
Paracetamol
Skin rashes and allergic reactions.
Parachlorophenol
As for phenol.
Patent blue v.
Allergic reactions.
Penicillamine hydrochloride
anorexia, nausea and vomiting, stomatitis, gastric ulceration, skin rash, lymphadenopathy, lucopenia thrombocytopenia agranulocytosis.
Pentobarbitone sodium
As for phenobarbitone.
Peppermint oil
Allergic reactions.
Skin sensitisation.
Pethidine hydrochloride
As for morphine.
Phenacetin
Methaemoglobinaemia, sulphaemoglobinaemia and haemolytic anaemia.
Phenazopyridine
Abnormalities in liver function, renal failure. Haemolytic anaemia, methaemoglobinaemia.
Phenformin hydrochloride, Metformin hydrochloride
Loss of weight, weakness, lassitude or skin rashes may occur.
Phenindione
May cause haemorrhage from almost any organ of the body. Skin rashes, pruritus, pyrexia, sore throat may be the early symptoms of hypersensitivity to phenindione.
Phenobarbitone, Amylobarbitone sodium, Barbitone sodium, Cyclobarbitone calcium, Heptabarbitone, Methylphenobarbitone, Pentobarbitone sodium, Quinalbarbitone sodium, Secbutobarbitone sodium, Thiopentone
Respiratory depression, sedation and occasional allergic reactions, purpura, exfoliative dermatitis, erythema, ataxia, hangover, hepatitis and cholestasis, cardiovascular depression, shock leading to renal failure, dizziness depression and skin rashes.
Phenol, Chloroxylenol, Creosote, Cresol, Hydroquinone, Parachlorophenol, Thymol
Local corrosion, with pain, nausea, vomiting sweating and diarrhoea. Depression of the central nervous system, with circulatory and respiratory failure. Pulmonary oedema may develop and damage to the liver the kidneys may lead to organ failure.
Phenprocoumon
As for Warfarin.
Phenylbutazone, Oxyphenbutazone
Epigastric distress, oedema due to salt retention, ulcerative stomatitis, nephritis, renal failure. Skin rashes.
Phenytoin
Constipation, ataxia, slurred speed, diplopia, nystagmus, and mental confusion, together with headache, dizziness, transient nervousness and insomnia.
Piperazine phosphate
Abdominal pain, vertigo, nystogmus tremor and convulsions.
Povidone
Inflammatory papulous or granulomatous responses with swelling and pain.
Pralidoxime chloride 2-pm
Drowsiness, dizziness, disturbances of vision, nausea, tachycardia, headache, hyperventilation and muscular weakness; neuromuscular blockade.
Prazepam
As for diazepam.
Prepared storax
Skin sensitisation.
Primaquine phosphate
Abdominal pain and other gastro-intestinal disturbances, jaundice, bone-marrow depression.
Probenecid
Hypersensitivity reaction, with fever, dermatitis, and pruritus has occurred.
Proflavine hemisulphate
Hypersensitivity.
Propanidid
Hiccup, thrombo-embolic phenomena.
Propylene glycol
Local irritation.
Propylthiouracil
As for Carbimazole.
Proxyphylline
As for aminophylline.
Pyrazinamide
Hepatotoxicity, arthralgia, malaise, fever, hyperuricaemia.
Quinalbarbitone sodium
As for phenobarbitone.
Resorcinol
Mild irritant, may lead to myxoedema.
Rifampicin
Abnormalities in liver function, skin reactions, eosinophilia, leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, purpura, haemolysis and shock have also occurred, dizziness, peripheral neuropathy, blurred vision, transient hearing loss and menstrual irregularities.
Saccharin
Photosensitisation, hypersensitivity a carcinogenic risk.
Salbutamol
Tremor of skeletal muscle (particularly the hands), palpitations and muscle cramps.
Santonin
Affects vision, white objects looking green, blue or yellow. Vertigo nausea, vomiting and profuse sweating.
Secbutobarbitone sodium
As for phenobarbitone.
Secretin
Allergic reactions.
Selenium sulphide
Anorexia, vomiting, anaemia, and fatty degeneration of the liver.
Shellac
Lung damage (thesaurosis) from hair-sprays.
Soda lime
Strongly alkaline and irritant.
Sodium cyclamate
Diarrhoea, photosensitisation.
Sodium fluoride solution
Paralysis, muscular weakness and clonic convulsions, followed by respiratory and cardiac failure, increased density and coarsened trabeculation of bone, may arise from the continued ingestion of fluoride and has occurred in workers handling fluorides. Ocular damage has also been reported.
Sodium glutamate
Sodium hypochlorite
Irritation and corrosion of mucous membranes with pain and vomiting. A fall in blood pressure and coma may occur.
Sodium lauryl sulphate
Irritant to the skin.
Sodium metabisulphite
Gastric irritation, depression of the nervous system.
Sodium salycylate
As for aspirin
Spironolactone
Headache and drowsiness and gastro-intestinal disturbances, including cramp and diarrhoea. Ataxia, mental confusion, hirsutism, deepening of the voice, menstrual irregularities, impotence and skin rashes have been reported.
Squill
Violent purging has been reported. It has a digitalis like action on the heart.
Streptomycin
Paraesthesia, vertigo, headache, hypersensitivity reactions, dermatitis, ototoxicity.
Strychnine
Tremors, slight twitching and stiffness of the face and legs, painful convulsion.
Sulphan blue
Allergic reactions
Sulphinpyrazone
Nausea, skin rash, aggravate pepticulcer, agranulocytosis, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia.
Sulphobromophthalein
Urticaria and eczema.
Sulphonamides
Dizziness, drug fever and skin rashes, cyanosis may occur due to methaemoglobinaemia, stomatitis, goitre, fatigue, insomnia, nightmares, confusion, depression psychosis, vertigo, ataxia, tinnitus, peripheral neuritis polyarteritis nodosa, lumber pain, dysuria, haematuria, oliguria, anuria, toxic nephrosis, hyper sensitivity reaction.
Suxamethonium chloride
Prolonged apnoea, cardiac arrhythmia; cardiac arrest has been reported.
Tartrazine
Hypersensitivity reactions include bronchospasm urticaria rhinitis blurred vision and angioneurotic oedema.
Temazepam
As for nitrazepam.
Terpin hydrate
Epigastric pain may follow the ingestion of terpin hydrate on an empty stomach, terpin hydrate given with codeine was considered to have caused liver damage.
Tetracycline hydrochloride, Oxytetracycline
Nausea, vomiting diarrhoea, vulvovaginitis, renal disease, uraemia, hepatotoxicity, haemolytic anaemia, eosinophilia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia, reduced mineralisation, allergic reactions.
Theobromine
Anorexia.
Theophylline
Nausea, vomiting, headache or diarrhoea.
Thiopentone
As for phenobarbitone.
Thymol
As for phenol.
Thyroid
As for thyroxine sodium, slipped capital femoral epiphysis, breast cancer.
Thyroxine, Thyroid
Tremors, excitability, anginal pain, cardiac, arrhythmias, headache, sweating, fever, vomiting, and excessive loss of weight.
Titanium dioxide
Action on the skin. (No side effects reported).
Tobramycine
As for Gentamicin.
Tolazamide
As for chlorpropamide.
Tolbutamide
As for chlorpropamide.
Tolnaftate
Skin irritation, pruritus and dermatitis.
Tragacanth
Allergic reactions, contact dermatitis.
Triamterene
Hyperuricaemia, allergic reactions.
Trichloroethane
Depression of the central nervous system is the main effect of intoxication, dizziness, nausea, vomiting and fainting have been reported.
Trichloroethylene
Neurological impairment.
Triclosan
Contact dermatitis.
Triethanolamine
Irritant to the skin and mucous membranes.
Troxidone
Photophobia and hemeralopia (blurring of vision in bright light).
Tubocurarine chloride
A fall in blood pressure and a slight increase in heart-rate usually occur.
Turpentine oil
Haematuria, albuminuria and coma.
Tyloxapol
Pharyngitis or pharyngeal burning, bronchospasm, increased congestion in the chest and a maculopapular rash.
Warfarin, Phenprocoumon
Haemorrhage from almost any organ of the body, alopecia, fever.
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