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NAVIGATION
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GRAND THEFT AUTO: SAN ANDREAS Five years ago Carl Johnson escaped from the pressures of life in Los Santos, San Andreas... a city tearing itself apart with gang trouble, drugs and corruption. Where film stars and millionaires do their best to avoid the dealers and gang bangers. Now, it's the early 90s. Carl's got to go home. His mother has been murdered, his family has fallen apart and his childhood friends are all heading towards disaster. On his return to the neighborhood, a couple of corrupt cops frame him for homicide. CJ is forced on a journey that takes him across the entire state of San Andreas, to save his family and to take control of the streets. Liberty City. Vice City. Now San Andreas, a new chapter in the legendary series. Grand Theft Auto returns to the PlayStation 2 this October.
The following features have been confirmed for GTA: San Andreas: * Tweaked Vice City * Entire state of San Andreas included, meaning three cities will be present in the game, each connected by countryside. Los Santos, a fictional Los Angeles, San Fierro, a rendition of San Francisco, and La Venturra, which is the Grand Theft Auto version of Las Vegas. * Larger map, which is much more interesting and "alive" than Vice City. Hills have been confirmed, and even a mountain is to be included. * Smog will be present in Los Santos to give it a "real life" feeling. * "Characters from the past" will return. * Ragdoll physics, aka "Impact Animation" similar to that seen in recent PC titles like Far Cry, Half Life 2 and Max Payne 2. * In La Venturra, set up a casino, or gamble in those owned by others. * Recruit gang members and perform four person drive by's. (Screenshot) * Pedal Bicycles (Screenshot) * House robberies will take place but require skill and planning. * Stamina Meter. Carl will have to consume food on his journey across San Andreas, and will gain weight if he eats too much. Gyms will be available to work out in.
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BRUCE LEE....BIOGRAPHY Bruce Lee (Lee Hsiao Lung), was born in San Fransisco in November 1940 the son of a famous Chinese opera singer. Bruce moved to Hong Kong when he soon became a child star in the growing Eastern film industry. His first film was called The birth of Mankind, his last film which was uncompleted at the time of his death in 1973 was called Game of Death. Bruce was a loner and was constantly getting himself into fights, with this in mind he looked towards Kung Fu as a way of disciplining himself. The famous Yip Men taught Bruce his basic skills, but it was not long before he was mastering the master. Yip Men was acknowledged to be one of the greatest authorities on the subject of Wing Chun a branch of the Chinese Martial Arts. Bruce mastered this before progressing to his own style of Jeet Kune Do.
At the age of 19 Bruce left Hong Kong to study for a degree in philosophy at the University of Washington in America. It was at this time that he took on a waiter's job and also began to teach some of his skills to students who would pay. Some of the Japanese schools in the Seattle area tried to force Bruce out, and there was many confrontations and duels fought for Bruce to remain.
He met his wife Linda at the University he was studying. His Martial Arts school flourished and he soon graduated. He gained some small roles in Hollywood films - Marlowe- etc, and some major stars were begging to be students of the Little Dragon. James Coburn, Steve McQueen and Lee Marvin to name but a few. He regularly gave displays at exhibitions, and it was during one of these exhibitions that he was spotted by a producer and signed up to do The Green Hornet series. The series was quite successful in the States - but was a huge hit in Hong Kong. Bruce visited Hong Kong in 1968 and he was overwhelmed by the attention he received from the people he had left. He once said on a radio program if the price was right he would do a movie for the Chinese audiences. He returned to the States and completed some episodes of Longstreet. He began writing his book on Jeet Kune Do at roughly the same time.
Back in Hong Kong producers were desperate to sign Bruce for a Martial Arts film, and it was Raymond Chow the head of Golden Harvest who produced The Big Boss. The rest as they say is history.
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Bruce Lee's Hollywood Movies These are the five movies that Bruce Lee made in Hollywood before his tragic death. FISTS OF FURY Released 1971 - Approx. 101 min Starring Bruce Lee, Maria Yi, James Tien , Nora Maio, Tony Liu and Han Ying Chieh Directed by Lo Wei Featuring: The lightening kicks of Bruce Lee on screen for the first time. The setting is in Bangkok, Thailand. Before Bruce left China to Thailand, he promised his mom that he won't get in any fights and troubles. Strangely, some workers from the ice factory where Bruce works, vaporized. To find out what's going on, Bruce goes to see the boss; thus, realizing that the boss is involved in this event. Then, Bruce starts a fierce battle with the boss and the gangs.
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THE CHINESE CONNECTION Released 1972 - Approx. 107 mins Starring: Bruce Lee, Nora Miao Ker Hsiu, C H wong, Y C Han, James Tien, Robert Baker Directed by Lo Wei Featuring: The 2 scenes that Bruce goes to challenge the Japanese martial art school Setting: In the early 1900's, Shanghai, China. Story: Teacher Fok died in a sudden. Bruce Lee as Chan Chen, came back to Shanghai for his teacher's funeral. During the funeral, some Japanese came and pissed off Bruce's group as "Sick men of Asia". That's why Bruce challenged the Japanese martial art school. Later on, Bruce found out that his teacher was poisoned to death by a Japanese undercover from the Jap martial art school. Finally, Bruce took his revenge and killed all the god damn Japanese, as a result of devoting his life to preserve the JING WU SCHOOL.
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ENTER THE DRAGON Released 1973 - Approx. 99 mins Starring: Bruce lee, Shih Kien, John Saxon, Ahna Capri, Bob Wall and Bolo Yeung Directed by Robert Clouse Featuring: Bruce, the first time as the main character in Hollywood films Story: Shaolin student Bruce was asked to cooperate with the FBI to investigate on a drug island controlled by Shih Kein. Unfortuneately, Bruce was captured as he's doing his spying. One thing for sure, Bruce is mightier than Shih. Finally, Bruce and Shih have a great fight at the end of the film and the FBI came to bust up the operation. |
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RETURN OF THE DRAGON Released 1973 - Approx. 88 minutes Starring: Bruce Lee, Chuch Norris, Nora Miao Ker Hsiu Directed by: Bruce Lee Featuring: Fight with Chuck Noris Bruce Lee wrote and directed Return of the Dragon, his third film, a mix of hard-edged kung fu and goofy humor. Once again he plays the country boy who travels to a foreign land, in this case Italy, where his restaurant-owning cousins face trouble from the local syndicate. Their strong-arm tactics have driven customers away and now threaten the family, but Lee refuses to buckle under their pressure and takes them on in a series of impressive confrontations. The film ends with a memorable showdown with world-champion karate artist Chuck Norris in the Roman Colosseum (though much of it is staged in a rather cheap studio set), a brutal, almost inhuman battle that revels in the intense punishment taken by the combatants. |
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GAME OF DEATH Released 1978 - Approx. 95 mins Starring: Bruce Lee, Gig Young, Dan Inosanto, Kareem Abdul Jabaar, Dean Jagger, Colleen Camp and Hugh O'Brian Directed by Robert Clouse Featuring: Bruce VS Dan Inosanto & Kareem Abdul Jabaar Bruce Lee died after shooting only a few scenes of his ambitious Game of Death, but that didn't stop greedy producers from finishing and releasing "Lee's last film," even if he's doubled for most of it. Lee planned an ambitious expression of his fighting philosophy, and his story culminates in the rigorous challenge of the "Game of Death," in which combatants take on successively greater and greater masters as they fight their way to the top of a tower
Interesting Facts
Bruce Lee was perhaps the most perfected human being, spiritually and phsically. If this was so, why did he die so early? Some speculate that he worked himself too hard, other more supersticious people say that it was "The Curse of the Dragon". And even some speculate that he was just "hit in the head too many times." Here are some interesting facts about Bruce Lee's life. Read them, and see what you think happened to Bruce Lee . . .
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Once when Bruce was young, he recalled:
A ghost appeared as a black shadow and Bruce told of being held down for several minutes, drenched in sweat by the time he was finally released. This is probably one of the few times Bruce had been physically defeated.
- When Bruce's father died, at age 64, Bruce had a premonition that he would only live to be half his father's age. Sure enough, Bruce died when he was 32. Brandon Lee, Bruce's son, also died at a very young age. In fact, he died just three and a half months prior to his father's death. Brandon died when a prop gun fired a bullet; the same way that Bruce's character faked his death in Game of Death. Coincidence or Curse?
Some even go as far to link Bruce's death to Christ, yeah, Jesus Christ. Bruce died only one year younger than Christ, who crusified himself at the age of 33. Kareem-Abdul Jabbar, Bruce's student wore the number 33, Bruce's age when he died, throughout his basketball career.
- A bad Feng Shui deflector, placed on the roof of Bruce's Cumberland Road home in Hong Kong is blown off the roof by heavy rain and winds. The deflector had been placed on the house to protect Bruce and family from bad Feng Shui; previous owners had all been plagued by financial disaster and it was believed that this was because of the incorrect positioning of the house. The deflector was to ward off evil spirits.
- In Hong Kong, the mafia controled most of the famous actors, usually by force. When they confronted Bruce, Bruce obviously refused to work for the mafia. Some believe that the Chinese mafia might have arranged for Bruce's death.
Probably the most believable and probable story is the following:
Throughout Bruce's life, he was continually being challenged by other fighters. It was only natural for the Gung-fu legend to accept the challenge and kick some real ass. Although Bruce won all the fights he was involved in, he was probably hit numerous times in the head. Numerous blows to the head can in fact cause brain anyeurisms, the claimed "cause of death" from the autopsy.
During the filming of Enter the Dragon, Bruce fainted during a voice dubing session. That day the air conditioning was turned off, so as not to cause abnormal background noise in the recording. When some crew memebers went to check on Bruce, Bruce woke up and pretended that he was looking for his glasses that he dropped.
On July 20, 1973, Raymond and Bruce visit Betty Ting Pei at her apartment to discuss her role in Game of Death. That evening plans had been made for them all to meet George Lazenby over dinner and enlist him for a part. Bruce explains that he has a headache, takes a prescription pain killer offered by Betty, and lies down on her bed to rest prior to dinner. Bruce never woke up. The pain killer was believed to have caused an allergic reaction, which increased the brain aneurism.
Some tabloid reporters, wanting to find "dirt" on everyone, spread a rumor that Bruce and Betty Ting Pei were having an affair, and that Bruce died while having sex with Betty. For several years after Bruce's death, Betty refused to be interviewed. She thought it was best for her and Bruce's reputation, to stay out of the media. Years later, Betty goes on television and denies that Bruce and here were ever involved intimately. As with most mysteries, only the parties involved will know the truth.
Despite the rumors and proven causes of death, Bruce still remains the most brillant martial artist in the world. It is tragic that he died such a young death, but his short life was very rewarding. Bruce's acheivements will be noticed for years to come.
Bruce's Family Life

Bruce's Parents
- Bruce's father: full-blooded Chinese
- Bruce's Mother: German/Chinese descent. (Her father is German; her mother is Chinese)
Bruce's Sibblings
- 1st child: boy which died at birth
- 2nd child: Phoebe, who was adopted
- 3rd child: Peter
- 4rd child: Bruce
- 5th child: Wu Ngan; unofficially adopted
- 6th child: Agnes
- 7th child: Robert
Bruce's Names/Nicknames
- Sai Fon (Small Phoenix): He was given this name by his mother when he was born. She had his ear pierced to disguise him as a girl.
- Jun Fan (Return Again): His mother renamed because she felt he would someday return to his birthplace (San Francisco, California, U.S.A.).
- "Little Dragon": This nickname was given to Bruce by his sister Agnes
- Mo Si Tung (Never Sits Still): Bruce's family nickname.
- Lee Sie Lung (Lee Little Dragon): This is the name that Bruce became known in Asia. He used this name in the movie My Son, Ah Cheun.
Bruce Lee Kicks Ass in Real Life

These are a few of the fights that Bruce participated in the ring and out.
- 1958:
- vs. Gary Elms in a tournament. (Won)
- 1958 or 1959:
- Against Chung on a rooftop in Hong Kong. (Won in 2nd Round)
- 1960 - Seattle:
- Bruce backfisted a guy and busted his nose after Bruce saw him harrassing a Chinese Girl. Bruce was taking a walk. This fight was witnessed by James DeMile.
- 1960 or 1961:
- vs. Uechi. (Won in 10 seconds)
- Summer 1963 - Hong Kong:
- Bruce snapped a low kick to a punk's shin after the punk and his friend harrassed him during an evening stroll.
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The Mystery of Bruce Lee's Death
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Bruce Lee, dressed in the traditional Chinese outfit he wore in the movie Enter The Dragon, was laid to rest in Lakeview Cemetery in Seattle in late July of 1973. But long before Lee's sudden and tragic death in a Hong Kong apartment at age 32, rumors were rife throughout the Orient that he had been wounded or killed in fights.
"One day, I got a long-distance call from Hong Kong's largest newspaper," Lee recalled. "They asked me if I was still alive. 'Guess who you are talking to?' I replied."
Thus, when Lee actually did die, speculation abounded as to the cause. The rumors ranged from Lee being killed by Hong Kong triads (gangsters) because he refused to pay them protection money - ?something that was common for Chinese movie stars to do at that time ?to his being killed by an angry martial artist's dim mak (death touch) strike. Some people claimed Lee was cursed?he had just bought a house in Hong Kong that was supposed to be haunted?or that he had died while mking love to actress Betty Tingpei, or that he had angered the Chinese martial arts community by teaching foreigners, and that he had been killed in a challenge match.
Many Chinese believed Lee was the victim of too much gum Ilk (intensity) in his training, while others cited drug use as the cause for his sudden demise. Still others believed that Lee's fate was sealed at birth, that it was in the stars. And, finally, there are those who think Lee's death was staged, and that he is merely waiting for the right time to return to society.
The facts of the case are this: Lee died after falling into a coma. The coroner's report was inconclusive, and medical authorities came up with five reasons for Lee's untimely death. However, they all agreed that it was caused by a cerebral edema (a swelling of the brain caused by a congestion of fluid). But what caused the edema became a matter of speculation. For the most part, the course of events on that fateful July day in 1973 can be pieced together. According to Lee's wife, Linda, Bruce met film producer Raymond Chow at 2 p.m. at home to discuss the making of Game of Death. They worked until 4 p.m., and then drove together to the home of Betty Tingpei, a Taiwanese actress who was to also have a leading role in the film. The three went over the script at Tingpei's home, and then Chow left to attend a dinner meeting.
A short time later, Lee complained of a headache and Tingpei gave him a tablet of Equagesic?a kind of super sapirin. Apart from that, Lee reportedly consumed nothing but a couple of soft drinks.
At around 7:30 p.m., Lee lay down for a nap and was still asleep when Chow called to ask why he and Tingpei had not yet shown up for dinner as planned. The actress told Chow she could not wake Lee. The ensuing autopsy found traces of cannabis in Lee's stomach, but the significance of this discovery is debatable. Some believe the cannabis caused a chemical reaction that led to the cerebral edema, but the coroner's inquiry refutes this theory. In fact, one doctor was quoted as saying that the cannabis being in Lee's stomach was "no more significant than if Bruce had drunk a cup of tea that day."
Dr. R.R. Lycette of Queen Elizabeth Hospital viewed Lee's death as a hypersensitivity to one or more of the compounds found in the headache tablet he consumed that afternoon. Although his skull showed no injury, his brain had swollen considerably, from 1,400 to 1,575 grams. None of the blood vessels were blocked or broken, so the possibility of a hemorrhage was ruled out. All of Lee's internal organs were meticulously examined, and the only "foreign" substance to be found was the Equagesic.
Chow came to the apartment and could not wake Lee either. A doctor was summoned, and he spent 10 minutes attempting to revive the martial artist before sending him by ambulance to Queen Elizabeth Hospital. By the time he reached the hospital, Lee was dead .
Foul play was immediately suspected as having a role in Lee's passing. Chow appeared on television to try to settle the public furor that quickly developed. He explained what happened, omitting only the fact that Lee had not died at home. The press soon uncovered the truth, however, and demanded to know what Chow was trying to cover up. R.D. Teare, a professor of forensic medicine at the University of London who had overseen more than 90,000 autopsies, was called in and declared that it was basically impossible for the cannabis to be a factor in Lee's death. In Teare's opinion, the edema was caused by hypersensitivity to either meprobamate or aspirin, or a combination of both. His view was accepted by authorities, and a determination of "misadventure" was stamped on Lee's death.
Strangely, an early death was a conceivability that Lee had contemplated with surprising frequency. According to his wife Linda, he had no wish to live to a ripe old age because he could not stand the idea of losing the physical abilities he had strived so hard to achieve.
"If I should die tomorrow," he used to say, "I will have no regrets. I did what I wanted to do. You can't expect more from life." |
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Al Capone AKA ScarFace
Al Capone
Capone wasn't born a vicious thug. He came into it much later in life; a product of a violent society rather than of a violent family. Born in New York in 1899, Capone was a member of numerous street gangs, and worked under the tutelage of many reputable mob bosses: most notably Johnny Torrio and Frankie Yale. But at home, his life was always a little slice of heaven. His father, a barber from Italy, never hit any of his nine children, a rarity in those days. His mother was a sweet and doting woman, determined to raise her boys into positions of upstanding citizenship.
But as Capone grew, gained power, and became the king of Chicago in the mid 1920's, he became another person entirely.
Killer Gorilla
The first official record of a Capone murder came in 1923 when Capone's longtime friend Jack Guzik asked Al for some help dealing with an annoyance named Joe Howard. Capone met with Howard in a speakeasy, where he unsheathed his .45, placed it against Howard's head, and pulled the trigger.
Capone was a fierce combatant, weighing in at 225 lbs at only five foot, ten inches tall. During his formative years, Capone picked up his famous scar on the left side of his face. The injury was incurred after Capone made a lewd comment about a lady in one of Yale's bars. Her boyfriend jumped on Capone and used a knife to carve open his thick Italian face. When questioned about the scar, however, Capone usually said he recieved the wound in World War I.
Formativity
New York was Capone's boyhood home, but Chicago was his kingdom. When he moved there in 1921, Johnny Torrio brought Capone in on his newly founded empire of bootlegging, brothels, and numbers. Chicago was a violent and permissive place thanks to Mayor Big Bill Thompson and his police department: It was the mayor's idea to cut the chief of police in on mob profits. The pair were often seen entering Torrio's speakeasies after hours.
Big Jim Colosimo was in charge of the city's whore houses. He was a celebrity in Chicago, the world's first big pimp. Colosimo dressed in expensive fur coats adorned with diamond studded cufflinks, rings, belt buckles, and necklaces. Soon after Torrio and Capone set up shop in the city, Colosimo brought them into his fold, asking the pair of Italians to help grow his empire. Soon, vagina flowed freely through the streets of Chicago.
But Colosimo was short sighted. He didn't want to move into the bootlegging business as prohibition bared down on America. Torrio was furious to find that he was being hindered by this fat pimp, even if he was the man's nephew. Torrio set Big Jim up to meet with a whiskey truck at a Chicago cafe. When Colosimo arrived, Capone was waiting with a gun. He fired only two shots, and likely got away with $150,000: Big Jim's big wad.
Two things happened after this murder: Chicago saw one if its largest and most elaborate funerals, and Johnny Torrio became the sole controlling parties of Chicago's underworld.
Hail to the King
When civic leaders of Chicago demanded reform in 1923, Mayor Thompson did not run for a third term, allowing judge William Dever to become mayor. The ensuing crackdown on crime within the city forced Torrio and Capone to move their headquarters to Cicero, a nearby suburb. Cicero had it's own city council and, and Capone quickly took over all of these posts with rigged elections.
Dever managed to shut down hundreds of speakeasies, but Capone's bootleg empire still brought in millions of dollars a week. After Hymie Weiss and Bugs Moron botched an assassination attempt on Johnny Torrio in 1925, Torrio decided to retire, leaving his entire empire of brothels, speakeasies, and gambling houses in the hands of Capone.
As his reputation grew, Capone took interest in local affairs, donating money to schools, tipping everyone in sight, and inviting reporters to his house for diner. He even hired a publicist to help him curtail bad press. Capone attempted to respond to public criticism by calling an mob-wide meeting. All the big gangsters of Chicago were in attendance, and Capone admonished them to end the violence. He claimed that Chicago was big enough for them all to live and work in peace. The subsequent cease-fire lasted for two months. The Israelis and the Palestinians have done better than that!
Tommy Can You Hear Me?
Eventually, Al felt that Frankie Yale was hijacking his own trucks of whiskey on their way to Chicago in order to skim extra money off the top. He probably wasn't, but rather than discuss this with his old friend and one time boss, Capone sent John Scalise and Albert Anselmi to New York to off the aging Yale. The drive-by shooting of Yale was the first instance in which a tommy gun was used to off a New York mobster.
In 1927, Chicago's love of speakeasies returned Big Bill Thompson to power for another mayoral term. Capone was able to move from Cicero back to his rightful seat of power, downtown Chicago.
Hallmark, my Ass!
In 1928, on February 14, Capone's gang perpetrated the single most infamous gangland killing in American history. The St. Valentines day massacre was designed to offBugs Moron, a constant thorn in Capone's side. Capone placed Jack McGurn in charge of designing the killing. McGurn arranged to meet members of Moran's gang in an empty warehouse at 10:30 AM in order to negotiate the sale of some top quality whiskey. McGurn hired a team of out of towners for the job: old favorites John Scalise and Albert Anselmi, Detroit brothers Harry and Phil Keywell, and regular old hitmen James Ray and Fred "Killer" Burke. The team of six men dressed in stolen police uniforms and drove a stolen police car to the warehouse. Inside, they found seven men, all members of rival gangs. They played the police bit to the hilt, asking the men to stand, face to the wall, arms behind their backs. The six not-cops then opened fire on the seven, emptying hundreds of rounds from a .45, a shotgun, and two machine-guns.
When the real police arrived on the scene , they found six dead men, and one Frank Gusenburg, still breathing and riddled with 22 gun shot wounds. When asked who had shot him, Frank replied "Nobody. Nobody shot me." A testament to the unspoken rules of the mafia world. Incidentally, Bugs Moran was not amongst the dead. He had arrived late, seen the police car, and left the scene.
Despite all this, Capone didn't think of himself as a bad guy. He considered himself to be a fine, upstanding member of the Italian American community. His rackets employed thousands of hard working people, and his booze whet the whistles of almost everyone in a town that was denied alcohol by its government. He was a loving father, and sincerely cared for his wife, though he cheated on her quite a bit. His son, "Sonny" was born with congenital syphillis, and was constantly sick. Al always remained near his sons side when bouts of the illness took over, and he provided for the best medical care possible for the boy.
As the twenties ended, so did Capone's heyday. President Herbert Hoover had taken notice now, and every facet of the government was after him, none the least of which was the IRS. In 1930, the IRS arrested Al's brother Ralph for tax evasion.
Al was soon after picked up for carrying a concealed weapon, and sent to the Holmesburg County Jail. While he was in the clink, the government used all its forces to find a chink in Capone's armor of paperwork. They were determined to get him for tax evasion. With the discovery of a 1924 ledger that linked Capone financially to the bootlegging operations, the government had all the ammunition it needed to jail Capone. After a lengthy trial and a long war with Eliot Ness and his Untouchables, Capone was convicted of tax evasion and sent up the river for 11 years. At first, he went to the Atlanta Federal Prison, but he eventually ended up at Alcatraz
He's Dead Jim
While in prison, Capone developed symptoms of tertiary syphilis, affecting his ability to think, communicate, and analyze. In 1939, he was released from jail on good behavior, and moved to his Palm Island estate in Florida. His wife, Mae, stood by him until he died in 1947 from his disease.
Journalist (a term used loosely here) Geraldo Rivera opened Capone's supposed "Vault" at Chicago's Lexington Hotel on live national television in April 1986, finding nothing but egg on his face.
Muhammad Ali
Also known as: Cassius Marcellus Clay, Cassius Marcellus Clay, Jr., Cassius Clay (1942- )
Professional boxer
Personal Information
Born Cassius Marcellus Clay, Jr.; name changed to Muhammad Ali, 1963; born January, 17, 1942, in Louisville, KY; son of Cassius (a piano player) and Odessa Clay (both deceased); first wife, Belinda; second wife, Aaisha; third wife, Veronica Porche; fourth (and current) wife, Yolanda Williams, married in 1986; children: nine (one with Yolanda). Religion: Muslim. Addresses: Home--P.O. Box 187, Berrien Springs, MI 59103.
Career
Former world heavyweight boxing champion. Began professional career, 1960; initially became heavyweight champ, 1964; stripped of title and boxing license over refusal to participate in the Vietnam War, 1966; retired from boxing, 1981. Appeared in film The Greatest, 1976, and television film Freedom Road.
Awards
Olympic Gold Medal in boxing, 1960; six Kentucky Golden Gloves titles; National Golden Gloves titles, 1959-60; World Heavyweight Championship, 1964-67, 1974-78, 1978-79; U.S. Olympic Hall of Fame, inductee, 1983; named the greatest heavyweight champion of all time, Ring Magazine, 1987; International Boxing Hall of Fame, inductee, 1990; Jim Thorpe Pro Sports Award, Lifetime Achievement, 1992; Muhammad Ali Museum, Louisville Galleria, opened 1995; Essence Award, 1997.
Writings
- (With Richard Durham) The Greatest: My Own Story, Random House, 1975.
Biographical Information
Three-time world heavyweight boxing champion Muhammad Ali, known for his lyrical charm and boasts as much as for his powerful fists, has moved far beyond the boxing ring in both influence and purpose. Ali won an Olympic gold medal and later tossed it into a river because he was disgusted by racism in America. As a young man he was recruited by Malcolm X to join the Nation of Islam. He refused to serve in Vietnam--a professional fighter willing to serve time in jail for his pacifist ideals. He has contributed to countless, diverse charities and causes. And his later years have found him interested in world politics as he has battled to keep Parkinson's disease at bay.
Muhammad Ali was born Cassius Marcellus Clay, Jr., on January 17, 1942, and was raised in a clapboard house at 3302 Grand Avenue in middle-class Louisville, Kentucky. He began boxing at the age of 12. A white Louisville patrolman named Joe Martin, who had an early television show called "Tomorrow's Champions," started Ali working out in Louisville's Columbia Gym, but it was a black trainer named Fred Stoner who taught Ali the science of boxing. Stoner taught him to move with the grace of a dancer, and impressed upon him the subtle skills necessary to move beyond good and into the realm of great.
After winning an Olympic gold medal at 18, Ali signed the most lucrative contract--a 50-50 split--negotiated by a beginning professional in the history ofboxing, with a 12-member group of millionaires called the Louisville Sponsoring Group. Later, he worked his way into contention for the coveted heavyweight title shot by boasting and creating media interest at a time when, by his own admission, he was only ranked number nine on the list of contenders. Even from the beginning, it was clear that Ali was his own man--quick, strong-willed, original, and witty. In 1961 he told Sports Illustrated's Gilbert Rogin, "Boxing is dying because everybody's so quiet.... What boxing needs is more ... Clays." Ali knew that his rhymes and press-grabbing claims would infuse more interest and more money into the sport of boxing, and he was his own best public relations man. In February of 1964 he told readers of Sports Illustrated, "If I were like a lot of ... heavyweight boxers ... you wouldn't be reading this story right now. If you wonder what the difference between them and me is, I'll break the news: you never heard of them. I'm not saying they're not good boxers. Most of them ... can fight almost as good as I can. I'm just saying you never heard of them. And the reason for that is because they cannot throw the jive. Cassius Clay is a boxer who can throw the jive better than anybody."
The following month Ali--then still Cassius Clay--fought Sonny Liston in a match of classic contenders for the heavyweight championship of the world. The Miami fight almost single-handedly restored intelligence and balance to boxing. Cassius Clay had been chanting the war cry "Float like a butterfly, sting like a bee" for weeks; he beat Liston in a display of beautiful, controlled boxing. Liston could hit with deadly power, but Ali utilized his skills and courage with forethought and aplomb. He won the fight to become heavyweight champion of the world. At the tender age of 22 Ali knew that he was something above and beyond a great boxer: He had marketing sense, political finesse, and a feeling of noble purpose.
Throughout his career and life, Ali has always professed to want to help other black Americans--and he has, time and time again. When he returned from Italy, having just won an Olympic gold medal, he was so proud of his trophy that he wore it day and night and showed it to everyone, whether they wanted to see it or not. In the Philadelphia Inquirer Ali's first wife remembered him saying "I was young, black Cassius Marcellus Clay, who had won a gold medal for his country. I went to downtown Louisville to a five-and-dime store that had a soda fountain. I sat down at the counter to order a burger and soda pop. The waitress looked at me.... 'Sorry, we don't serve coloreds,' she said. I was furious. I went all the way to Italy to represent my country, won a gold medal, and now I come back to America and can't even get served at a five-and-dime store. I went to a bridge, tore the medal off my neck and threw it into the river. That gold medal didn't mean a thing to me if my black brothers and sisters were treated wrong in a country I was supposed to represent."
While in Miami, at the age of 21, Ali was inspired by human rights activist Malcolm X to become a member of the Muslim faith. The following year Malcolm X said of Ali, as was quoted by Houston Horn in Sports Illustrated, "[He] will mean more to his people than any athlete before him. He is more than [first black major-league baseball player] Jackie Robinson was, because Robinson is the white man's hero. But Cassius is the black man's hero. Do you know why? Because the white press wanted him to lose [his heavyweight championship bout] ... because he is a Muslim. You notice nobody cares about the religion of other athletes. But their prejudice against Clay blinded them to his ability." Twelve years later, on Face The Nation, Ali said "We don't have Black Muslims, that's a press word. We have white brothers, we have brown, red, and yellow, all colors can be Muslims.... I'm looking for peace one day with all people." Cassius Clay, Jr., was given the name Muhammad Ali by Muslim patriarch Elijah Muhammad; it was not just a name, but a title meaning "beloved of Allah," deity of the Muslim faith.
Ali retained his world heavyweight champion title in June of 1965 by again knocking out Sonny Liston, this time with a stunning right-hand punch to the side of the head. The knock-out blow was thrown with the astounding speed that separated Ali from other heavyweights; it had sufficient force to lift Liston's left foot-- upon which most of his weight was resting--clear off the canvas.
As a Muslim and thus, a conscientious objector, Muhammad Ali refused to even consider going to Vietnam in 1966; a tremendous public outcry erupted against him. According to Jack Olsen in Sports Illustrated, "The governor of Illinois found Clay 'disgusting,' and the governor of Maine said Clay 'should be held in utter contempt by every patriotic American.' An American Legion post in Miami asked people to 'join in condemnation of this unpatriotic, loudmouthed, bombastic individual.' The Chicago Tribune waged a choleric campaign against holding the next Clay fight in Chicago.... The noise became a din, the drumbeats of a holy war. TV and radio commentators, little old ladies ... bookmakers, and parish priests, armchair strategists at the Pentagon and politicians all over the place joined in a crescendo of get-Cassius clamor."
Although Ali had not been charged or arrested for violating the Selective Service Act--much less convicted--the New York State Athletic Commission and World Boxing Association suspended his boxing license and stripped him of his heavyweight title in May of 1967, minutes after he officially announced that he would not submit to induction. Ali said to Sports Illustrated contributor Edwin Shrake, "I'm giving up my title, my wealth, maybe my future. Many great men have been tested for their religious beliefs. If I pass this test, I'll come out stronger than ever." Eventually Ali was sentenced to five years in prison, released on appeal, and his conviction overturned three years later.
In November of 1970 Ali fought Jerry Quarry in Atlanta. His victory was a symbol of release and freedom to the 5,000 people watching the fight; Ali had personally survived his vilification by much of the American public, but more, he had reclaimed his professional reputation and prominence. Four months later Ali had the world as his audience when he went up against Joe Frazier in New York. There he fell from invincibility; suddenly Frazier reigned as heavyweight champ. "Man, I hit him with punches that'd bring down the walls of a city," Frazier said to Mark Kram in Sports Illustrated. Ali responded, "It was like death. Closest thing to dyin' that I know of." Ali regained his title as world heavyweight champion in 1974 after defeating George Foreman in a bout staged in Zaire. Ali fought Frazier twice more, once in 1974 and again in 1975. Ali won both matches and secured his title. Taking time to reflect on the tumult of his fifteen-year boxing career, Ali co-wrote his autobiography--characteristically titled The Greatest--My Own Story--in 1975.
In 1982 Dr. Dennis Cope, director of the Medical Ambulatory Care Center at the University of California, Los Angeles, began treating Ali for Parkinson's syndrome; Cope and colleague Dr. Stanley Fahn later theorized in the Chicago Tribune that Ali was suffering, more precisely, from Pugilistic Parkinsonism, brought on by repetitive trauma to the head--and that only an autopsy could confirm their suspicions. After losing a 1980 title bout to Larry Holmes, Ali had exhibited sluggishness and was misdiagnosed as having a thyroid condition; he was given a thyroid hormone. When Dr. Cope made the connection between Ali's decreasing motor skills and Parkinson's disease, he prescribed Sinemet (L-dopa). Ali was shortly restored to his previous level of energy and awareness; as long as he took his medication regularly, he was able to keep the disease in check. In 1988 Ali told New York Times Magazine contributor Peter Tauber: "I've got Parkinson's syndrome. I'm in no pain.... If I was in perfect health--if I had won my last two fights--if I had no problem, people would be afraid of me. Now they feel sorry for me. They thought I was Superman. Now they can say 'He's human, like us. He has problems.'"
In 1984 another of Ali's medical confidantes, Dr. Martin D. Ecker, ventured in the Boston Globe that Ali should have quit boxing long before he finally did--for the second and final time--in 1981 after losing to Trevor Berbick. His bout with Berbick was his 61st and final fight. By then Ali had been showing signs of neurological damage for over a year. Ali's former doctor, Dr. Ferdie Pacheco, told the fighter to quit in 1977 when he first saw signs of Ali's reflexes slowing down. Seven years later, Pacheco, a consultant and boxing commentator for NBC-TV, explained to Betsy Lehman in the Boston Globe why he feels Ali didn't quit boxing in 1977: "The most virulent infection in the human race is the standing ovation. Once you've seen that, you can't get off the stage. Once you feel that recognition ... the roar of 50,000 people, you just don't want to give it up." When Ali initially surrendered his title in 1979, he was paid $250,000 to quit, but he eventually returned to his sport, perhaps as Pacheco suggested, because the recognition had become habit-forming.
Toward the end of Ali's boxing career, and afterward, his ambitions took a decided turn toward statesmanship. In 1980 he cast his lot with the Democratic Party, supporting then-Presidential candidate Jimmy Carter. In August of that year, while in intense training for the Holmes fight, he found time to work the floor of the Democratic National Convention in New York City. He also functioned as something of a diplomat in February of 1985 when he attempted to secure the release of four kidnapped Americans in Lebanon; unfortunately, he and his three advisers were not successful.
During his career in the ring Ali made more than $50 million, two thirds of wwent to managerial expenses and taxes. He said to New York Times Magazine contributor Tauber in 1988, "I never talk about boxing. It just served its purpose. I was only about 11 or 12 years old when I said 'I'm gonna get famous so I can help my people.'" Indicating his continuing desire to help people, in 1990 Ali visited Our Children's Foundation, Inc., on Manhattan's 125th Street. According to Bill Gallo in the New York Daily News, he addressed the children there, saying, "The sun has a purpose. The moon has a purpose. The snow has a purpose. Cows have a purpose. You were born for a purpose. You have to find your purpose. Go to school. Learn to read and write.... What is your purpose, your occupation? Find your purpose.... What do you have to find?" "Purpose!," they shouted gleefully in unison. True to form, one of Ali's favored inscriptions when signing autographs is "Love is the net where hearts are caught like fish."
Although Parkinson's syndrome has slowed Ali down, he still remain active--raising money for the Muhammad Ali Foundation and frequently appearing at sports tributes and fund-raisers. Muhammad's wife Lonnie believes "Muhammad knows he has this illness for a reason. It's not by chance. Parkinson's disease has made him a more spiritual person. Muhammad believes God gave it to him to bring him to another level, to create another destiny." she stated in People.
During the 1996 Olympic Games in Atlanta, 3.5 billion people watched on television as three-time heavyweight champion Muhammad Ali slowly ascended the stadium steps with trembling hands to ignite the Olympic Flame. Everyone was deeply touched, however, No one was more moved than Ali himself. "He kept turning it [the torch] in his hands and looking at it. He knows now that people won't slight his message because of his impairment." said his wife Lonnie in People.
Muhammad has been blessed to meet with important dignitaries, including with President Clinton, Queen Elizabeth II, Nelson Mandela, and Pope John Paul II. His travels are his main source of income--charging as much as $200,000 for appearances. He usually travels 275 days out of the year. Although he enjoys his missionary work and public appearances, Ali's greatest pleasure is when he is at home in Berrien Springs, Michigan with his family--wife Yolanda and his adopted son Asaad Amin.
In Berrien Springs, he lives a modest life in a house at the end of the road on an old farm. He has a pool and a pond and a security gate with an intercom. According to Kim Forburger, Ali's assistant, "He's the only man I know where the kids come to the gate and say 'Can Muhammad come out and play?'
When asked if he has any regrets, Ali responds, "My children, I never got to raise them because I was always boxing and because of divorce," he said in People. When asked whether he is sorry he ever got into the ring, he responded, "If I wasn't a boxer, I wouldn't be famous. If I wasn't famous, I wouldn't be able to do what I'm doing now."

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LEATHERFACE

MASS MURDER AND CANNIBAL ACTIVITIES
Additional Information
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Vital Statistics
Real Name: Bubba Sawyer
Place of birth: Backwoods of Texas Race: Caucasian Sex: Male Height: 6' 3" Weight: 300lbs Hair: Brown Eyes: Blue | | |
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Scars or marks: Numerous wounds from chainsaw mishaps.
Remarks: Leatherface has been known to wears three masks "Killing Mask", "Old Lady" mask, and his favorite, the "Pretty Woman" mask. Although, he wears the flesh of women and sometimes dresses in their clothing, there is no evidence that Leatherface is a homosexual. Rather, the mask serve to give the perpetrator an escape from his more violence side.
Further reports have verified that Leatherface and his family members (Drayton Sawyer (father), Hitchiker (brother, presumed dead), ChopTop (brother, Vietnam Vet) do practice cannibalism and did in fact use human meat as an ingredient in their world class chili during their running of the now defunct, Last Roundup Rolling Grill Catering.
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Biography
Born in Nine Miles, ST. an to a white father, Norval Marley (who never really knew his son because of white upper classes' disdain for Norval's affair with Marley's mother), and a black mother, Cedella Booker, on February 6,1945, Marley started in ska and gravitated towards reggae, playing, teaching and singing for a long period in the1970s and 1980's ; Marley is perhaps best-known for work with his reggae group "The Wailers", the backbone of which were two other celebrated reggae musicians, bunny livingstin and Peter Tosh. Bunny and Peter then left the group and became successful solo artists. Much of his early work was produced by Lee Perry, although the pair split in acrimony over the assignment of recording rights.
Marley's work was largely responsible for the mainstream cultural acceptance of reggae music outside of Jamaica. He signed to Chris Blackwell's Island Record's label in 1971, at the time a highly influential and innovative label. Island Records boasted a stable of both successful and diverse artists including, amongst others, such nascent luminaries of the music scene as Genisis, John Martyn and Nick Drake.
Marley was very devoted to his faith inRastafarianism. Toward the end of his life he was also baptised into the Ethiopian Orthodox Church with the name Berhane Selassie.
Bob Marley was shot in 1976 inside his home. It is generally believed he was shot for political motives, with Jamaican politics being somewhat violent at the time. He was scheduled to perform at a concert that was perceived to be in support of the progressive prime minister of Jamaica, Michael Manley, and had been receiving death threats after it was announced he was going to perform there. It is generally believed he was shot by a supporter of the conservative political party of Jamaica, the Jamica Labour Party. However, there is little evidence for this, and Marley devotees emphasize that no one knows which side was responsible. Rita Marley was also shot in the head at the time, and recovered.
In July 1977 Marley was told to get his toe amputated to treat a cancerous lesion. He wouldn't because Rastas believe that doctors are samfai, confidence men who cheat the gullible by pretending to have the power of witchcraft. Marley based this refusal on his Rastafarian beliefs, saying, "Rasta no abide amputation. I and I don't allow a mon ta be dismantled." [Catch a Fire, Timothy White] He did have surgery to try to excise the cancer cells.
Because of this, the cancer spread to his brain and his lungs. In the summer of 1980, he collapsed during a series of shows at Madison Square Garden. He sought help, mostly from the controversial cancer specialist Josef Issels, but it was too late. A month before his death, he was awarded Jamaica's Order of Merit. He wanted to spend his final days in Jamaica but he became too ill on the flight home and had to deplane in Miami. Sadly, he passed away at Cedars of Lebanon Hospital in Miami, Florida on May 11, 1981. His near-royal funeral in Jamaica combined elements of Ethiopian Orthodoxy and Rastafarianism. He is buried in a crypt at Nine Miles, near his birthplace. He was recently rewarded the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Grammys.
David "Ziggy" Marley
Much of his work deals with the struggles of the impoverished and/or powerless.
His children, who seem to have been blessed with their father's talent, formed the group Ziggy Marley and the Melody Makers and they have already won a few Grammys.
Biography for Jesse James (VII)
- Mini biography
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At first glance, Jesse James is the consummate biker rebel. Tattoos, knives, goatee, black t-shirts, and skulls all around him and his world help create that image. That image, in turn, reflects a mere fraction of the man that is West Coast Choppers. The rest of his life reflects his passion as an artist, his love for his children, and the success that naturally flows from a love of custom motorcycles, hard work and a job done well.
Originally from Long Beach, California, Jesse grew up around his father's antiques business. His dad's small shop was quartered in a shared warehouse with a large aftermarket parts manufacturer for Harley-Davidson's and sport bikes. Those childhood influences set the stage for his path in life.
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Jesse got his first mini-bike at age 7, and with that thrill his passion for two-wheeled machines was kindled. He made his first crude motorcycle exhaust system during his freshman year of high school in his mother's garage. His perfectionist attitude, however, prevented him from keeping it; he threw it away before anyone saw it.
He played college football, but a knee injury ended his athletic career early. The injury forced him to find a new job that would allow him to establish himself. He trained intensely to become a bodyguard, and worked for years protecting such notable bands as Soundgarden, Danzig, and Slayer, touring the world with them. During this period of his life he met his former wife, with whom he has two children: 5-year-old (as of Feb.2003) son Jesse Jr. and 7-year-old daughter Chandler. Another career-threatening injury, on the job at a concert, forced him to again reevaluate his professional life. It was then he decided to make a career out of his number one passion: custom motorcycles. Learning his trade from legendary custom hot rodder Boyd Coddington, Jesse immersed himself in the world of hand-crafting bikes.
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West Coast Choppers was born in the early 1990s, and quickly established its, and his, reputation as a celebrity motorcycle manufacturing facility. He started the shop in a small dusty corner in a friend's garage, with no loan, no partners, and only a glimmer of the future. Slowly, painstakingly, and with great sacrifice, Jesse built his future empire, and continues to build his bikes the same way. By hand, from the ground up. West Coast Choppers now employs over 50 people, and builds bikes ranging from $50,000-$150,000, for such clients as Shaquille O'Neal and Kid Rock. In 2002, "Monster Garage" (2002) debuted on The Discovery Channel, bringing Jesse squarely to the forefront of reality television. With him as the host and team leader of the show that features custom hot-rodding at its absolute most bizarre, Jesse's West Coast Choppers has become an integral part of the program, as the Monster Garage team often utilizes Jesse's shop and machinery to help them meet the challenges of the weekly show. Conveniently, the warehouse that serves as Monster Garage's set is located mere blocks from West Coast Choppers' Long Beach location.
- Spouse
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- Trade mark
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Stylized "Pay Up Sucker" tattoo on his palm.
- Trivia
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Became an ordained minister through the Universal Life Church during the Chevy Suburban/wedding chapel conversion, specifically so that he could be the one to perform the marriage ceremony which signaled the completion of that episode's challenge.
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Established his celebrity status with "West Coast Choppers," the custom motorcycle fabrication shop he established in 1992. Clients for his bikes, which range from $60,000 to $150,000, include basketball legend Shaquille O'Neal, model Tyson Beckford, musician Kid Rock, NASCAR start Kyle Petty, and NFL wide receiver Shawn Jefferson.
Named on People Magazine's "50 Most Beautiful People" list for 2003.
Tailors each of his special-order motorcycle to the specific buyer, a process so specific that James actually takes numerous measurements of the rider and factors those into the design of each bike.
Is dating Sandra Bullock as of 2004.
Two children with first wife Carla, daughter Chandler and son Jesse James Jr. One daughter with second wife Janine, Sunny James, (b. January 1, 2004).
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His great-great-great grandfather is suppose to be 1st cousins with outlaw Jesse James, thus the carried down moniker.
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The Outlaw Jesse James
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At seventeen, James left his native Missouri to fight as a Confederate guerilla in the American Civil War as part of Quantrill's Raiders, participating in raids in Kansas. He once killed eight men in a single day. After the war, he returned to his home state and lead one of history's most notorious outlaw gangs. He was wounded while surrendering at the end of the war, and later claimed to have been forced into outlawry because his family had been persecuted in the war.
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With his brother Frank James and several other ex-Confederates, including Cole Younger and his brothers, the James gang robbed their way across the Western frontier targeting banks, trains, stagecoaches, and stores from Iowa to Texas. Eluding even the Pinkerton National Detective Agency, the gang escaped with thousands of dollars. James is believed to have carried out the first daylight bank robbery in peacetime, stealing $60,000 from a bank in Liberty, Missouri.
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Then on July 21, 1873 the James-Younger gang pulled off the first successful train robbery in the American West by taking US$3,000 from the Rock Island Express in Adair, Iowa.
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Despite their criminal and often violent acts, James and his partners were much adored. Journalists, eager to entertain Easterners with tales of a wild West, exaggerated and romanticized the gang's heists, often casting James as a contemporary Robin Hood. While James did harass railroad executives who unjustly seized private land for the railways, modern biographers note that he did so for personal gain--his humanitarian acts were more fiction than fact.
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On September 7, 1876, the James gang attempted to rob a bank in Northfield, Minnesota. The townspeople returned fire, and all of the members of the gang except for Frank and Jesse James were killed, wounded or captured.
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Jesse James had married his own first cousin, named Zerelda after his mother, after a nine-year courtship. They had two children, Jesse Edwards and Mary. She and Frank James' wife tried to get the brothers to take on a more normal life, and with a $10,000 reward on his head, Jesse and his wife moved to Saint Joseph, Missouri to hide out, where he lived under the assumed name of Tom Howard and rented a house for $14 a month
In April 1882, Jesse James recruited Robert and Charles Ford to help him rob the Platte City bank. While James stood on a chair in his home in St. Joseph to straighten and dust a picture, the Ford brothers drew their guns. Robert Ford's shot hit James in the back of the head, ending his outlaw days for good. Ford hoped to claim the $10,000 offered for James's capture but received only a fraction of the reward and was charged with murder. He did, however, secure himself a place in Western outlaw lore which lives on in literature, song, and film.
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James' epitaph, selected by his mother, read: IN LOVING MEMORY OF MY BELOVED SON, MURDERED BY A TRAITOR AND COWARD WHOSE NAME IS NOT WORTHY TO APPEAR HERE.
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The Ford brothers were sentenced to hang but were pardoned by the governor of Missouri. Charles Ford committed suicide two years later, and Robert Ford was killed in a bar room brawl in Creede, Colorado, in 1892.
Rumors have persisted that Ford did not kill James, but someone else. Some stories say he lived in Guthrie, Oklahoma as late as 1948, and a man named J. Frank Dalton, who claimed to be Jesse James, died in Granbury, Texas in 1951 at the age of 103. Some stories claim the real recipient of Ford's bullet was a man named Charles Bigelow, reported to have been living with James' wife at the time.
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The body buried in Missouri as Jesse James was exhumed in 1995 and DNA analysis gave a 99.7% probability that it was Jesse James. A court order was granted in 2000 to exhume and test Dalton's body, but the wrong body was exhumed.
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