Dawchhau

Zahia tah Cha, Tanoh Mokhaoh ta

Rev. Vako

Khazohpa ta hmoto a taozi he no-ah a chhih kaw. Husona a hneipa hmohroh zydua alo-iapa zydua taihta amo y zi, chana nata alyupazy hry ta pahra ei ta, a pahno ei ta, ama dychhei chyu. He zydua hry liata chyhsapa he pachana nata pahnona a hneipa a chapa vata ama chie nata pho nohto hrozi zy kha ama my lei nawpata cha ta ama roh tyh. He ama chiepho duahmo tawhna heta a duapata  cha  ama vaw roh nata  thokha charohtupazy cha ama vaw laiseihna chipho  pachana, apyna, hmona, nata palohphao zy tawhta cha ama vaw pathao tyh. He yzi hawhta keimo Marah mozy chhao ta eima pahnona chyupazy he chyhsa hropazy hnohta eima pahnosa khoh hra nata cha keimo eima vaw laiseihna phopi kyh chapiapa leipata cha roh awpa he a pitloh thai tyh vei. Aw chavata, zahia ta eima thatih tlyma, chana tlyma rei pata nata roh heih awpata eima pacha khiahtacha he ary liata ei vaw palasapa he eima thei lyma awpata aphapa ta ei pahno.

            Eima misawnarizy hriapasana vata nata Khazohpa maniah ngiachhiena vata tahma cha Marapa thokha a thaipazy ama y haw ba. Eima phohpa-lano chhao keimo sasyh ta aroh theina chhao eima hnei haw ba hra. Chahrasala Marapa cha misawnarizy tawhta eima mo a pavapa eima chapa vata tanoh keimo kyh eima roh maih liata misawnarizy cha rohpa he eima Bible tluta hma chypa a cha. Eima misawnari nawh ta keimo kyh he chyhsa hropazy tawhta maniah ama chupa moh zy, amo ama mokhao ta maniah ama hmona chana zy, raroh y kawpata eima thatih ama reina zy he ama chabuzy liata eima reih chyu. Cha chabuzy cha Mara thyutliazy ta eima rei tita tanoh mokhao ta rei awpa abyu ngasa ei vaw tah.

Pakhona sakha eima reih tua aw. Ei pahnophahla lei khiatacha R. A Lorrain ropa Five Years in the Unknown Jungles (1912) he Marapa eima thatih maniah ama roh tuana chabu a cha thlyu aw. Parry ropa The Lakhers he Lorrain a roh khai tawh ko 20 apha hawna daihti liata ropa a cha. 1912 liata Lorrain ta he hawhta maniah a tah: Noh kha thlah ei vaw chhana liata “It was a wonderful sight to us: a band of wild head-hunters…sitting at the feet of God...” a tah (p. 54). He he Lorrain Marah rah a vawtlo hla a utae tawhta cha a reipa liata a hmopachhipa, a luana a cha thei aw. A utae tawhta he hawhta cha a hmo, “There was a wild tribe of head-hunting hillsmen…who were known as the “Lakhers” (p. 4). Ano pohpa cheingeih ta a rohpa cha he hawhta a cha: “The Lakhers were so keen on head-hunting” (94). He hawhna hra heta Marapa hawtizy pano nothlahpa ry liata he hawhta a roh heih: “Sons of head-hunters” (227). He liata palasapa eima chana zydua he eima misawnari zy tawhta ama rohpa deita a cha. Keimo ta eima awna cha vei. Ei rei khohpa cha raeroh y kawpata maniah ama awna deita a cha. Mo hropa mokhao liata he hawhta eima la tahna a cha.

He hawhta eima misawnarizy maniah ama hmona cho liata aduapa ta Rev. Lai U Fachhaih ta mission chakaona chabu chyhpa sakha a vaw roh. Cha chabu cha “The Maras: From Warriors to Missionaries” (1994) tahpa a cha. He hlata ano LaiU Fachhaih ta booklet hawhta aroh tuapa sakha cha “Hunters of Souls”a cha. He chabu heta “The Maras: from Warriors to Missionaries” chabu he a kaw pua khei tahtheipa a cha. He chabu sano to ta R. A Lorrain chabu reflection a cha awpata ei pyh. Achhapa cha eima misawnari zy ta keimo he “hunters of heads” maniah ama tahpa hawhta Lai U Fachhaih chhao ta cha “luh ataipa pho” tahpa pachana cha rathiehpa rah liata thlahpa a kaepa, a phaohpa, hawhta a vaw hmapa a cha. Ei rei khohpa cha he chabu zy vata eima palohrupa liata Marapa cha hlano liata Luh ataipa pho tla cha cha thla mapi ma tahta sasy a pachana paloh maniah a pahneisa.

            He hawhta Marapa cha luh ataipa pho tlai eima cha tahpa apyna he tanoh Marapa thyutlia thokhazy paloh liata a y lyma. Tanoh nopawpa eima tahpa thokhazy chhao cha hawhta ama pacha thei hra. Pakhona sakha vaw rei heih tuasala Burma rah Chhaikha khih MEC Assembly (2005) liata centenary emblem kyh reina a y. Cha liata pastor thokhazy tawhta ei vaw theipa cha “Marapa cha luh ataipa pho eima cha tlai. Eima history cha a chana hmeiseihpa hawhta rei awpa a cha" tahpa a cha. He hawhta ama pypa vata tanoh seminary hlupi liata Marapa theological students ama thesis zy liata Marapa cha “luh ataipa pho eima cha” tahpata a rohpa hlupi ama y haw. Keima ei pyna cha “lutaipa,” tahpa nata “chipho” he identify awpa cha vei ei tah.

            Luhtaina cha chyhsa hihahtuna tawhta taotlahmawna action sakha ta a cha. Luh ataipa chie-hra (clan or race) hawhpa y thai vei. Khizaw liata chyhsa zydua pahnothaina (civilized)  ama hnei hma liata ama za chana sakha deita a cha aw. Pakhona ta 1988 Viarah revolution daihti kha chyhsa hlupi luhzy ama tai. Korean chariah nota Japan pheisaizy chhao kha Korea mo luh ahlupi ama tai hra. Amarica ta North Korea charia a vaw thyuna daihti liata North Korean chyhsazy luh a hlupi ama tai hra. Cha hawhta Marapa chhao chariahpa asi hnaona noh cha chariahpa luh chhao atai thei hra aw. Chahrasala cha Japanese tlyma, US tlyma, Viah chyhsazy tlyma cha luh ataipa tahpata aw rai vei ei.

            Manomapaw chha nota chariah ama dyuhna liata tlyma, chyhsa ama thina liata tlyma chariah luh ama taihpa cha eima chana identity cha vei. Chha daihti a si haipa sakha liata ama tyhpa  tlao a cha. Tlahrah liata a pahrapa chyhsa zydua ama soh (tamed) hla via cha he luh ataina he ama hma chyu aw. Tlah chyhsazy “luh ataipa pho” tahpata  mania ama awpa chhao he “chyhsa hropazy, a ih viapata misawnarizy tawhta maniah  ama awna tlao a cha. Pakhona sakha vaw reih via tuasala, Kalehpa Cin Do Kha ama tahpa ta he hawhta a tah hra, "Eima misawnari zy ta Kaleh mo cha luhtaipa pho ama cha tahpata maniah ama aw" (Untold Story, Journal of Asia Mission 1/2 (1999). Luhtaipa pho tahpa he  keimo nata keimo ta a khohpa kawpata eima awna cha vei. Eima chana hmeiseipa cha hra vei.  Tano Mara History a rohtuhpazy ta he hawhpa eima chana a cha leipazy he roh leipata y ei sala khoh achhih kaw aw. Zahia tah cha kha tanoh mokhao ta rei awpata achhuah chyu ei su vei. Ei tah heih aw, "Marapa cha luhtaipa pho cha ma pi."

Marapa Tahpa Cha

Rev. Vako

 
Bie Hmiapa

Chyhsa thokha chata cha a y chiehpa moh parohpa chho pasia hualua awpa he paloh pasi achhih thai leipata cha hawhta chhopasia hualuana chhao cha amo chata ananona a yleipa hawhta tlao ama pacha tyh. Chahrasala cha moh parohpa cha thyutliazy ta amo nata ama chha daihti liata ama chhopasia lyma awpa a cha. Chha a pasi lymapa hawhta hmo sakha cho liata eima no a vahna chhao a nano lyma tyh hra.  Tanoh ta eima chhopasianazy he hmiala ko hluhpi liata cha a thiehpata ama vaw chhopasiana chata ama vaw duana hmobyuh sakha hawhta a vaw cha lyma aw.

           He pachana cho liata a duapata “Mara” tahpa moh he chhopasiana thiehpa lata eima puakhei lyma awpa a pha. He chapaw heta “Marapa cha khatai tawhta eima vy?” or “Kheita-e tahma ama yna su liata ama vaw y?” tahpa la chha ta chhopasiana cha leipata “Mara” tahpa a y chiehpa he kheita a pyh ei sila a pha chai aw tahpa la chha saina chota ropa tlao a cha. Chavata hmiatua ta “kheita mo hropazy ta maniah ama aw” tahpa tawhta pathao ei sila, cha tawhta Marapa a thaipazy ta Mara tahpa he “kheita ama chhopasia” tahpa eima sai pazi heih aw. Cha tawhta tanoh “kheita e Marah tahpa he eima chhopasia aw?” tahpa he eima pua kheina a vaw cha aw.  

A. Kheita chyhsa hropazy ta maniah ama aw?

      Ko zabi sapalina liata a ypa St. Augustine he hawhta a reih, “Keimo thatih a siapata eima pahnopasia hlata chyhsa hropazy tawhta keimo kyh ama reipa he zo tua awpa abyuh ta cha hnohla ta keima pahnothaina nata pachapazina hma pata zo hmeiseih awpa nata zo hmeiseih lei awpa pathlua awpa abyuh” a tah (Augustines Confession, 1943). A yzi cha eima vaw pi tua nota eima nopawzy pahno beih leipa pita chahrasala “he he ei no,” “he he ei paw,” tahpa cha hnola ta eima chupa a chapa hawhta a cha. Abeipa Zisu chhao ta pachupazy tawhta a thei khoh tua chaipa cha “Chysazy ta keima he kheita ei na tah ei” tahpa bie a cha hra (Matt. 16:18). He yzizy pasaipazi na chota “Mara” tahpa he eima kiapa liata chi hropazy ta kheita maniah ama aw tahpa a chyta eima pacha tua aw.

(1)     Notla la tawhta

Mararah notla la liata a ypa chipho cha Maw (Lusheis) nawh cha ei ta he chipho ta maniah ama pahnona awna cha “Lakher[1]” tahpata a cha. Lakher tahpa cha Mawh reih ta “pala a sopa” tahna a cha. Marapa cha eima chysia eima taona awpa he pala paheih pata or so pata chysia lata a taopa eima chapa vata he hawhta Maw nawh ta Lakher tahpata maniah ama pahno. Pachupazy ta Abeipa Zisu hnohta “Hrosohpa Elaisa a cha ama chata” ama tahpa alyu kaw. Lakher tahpa he 1955[2] rachhoh taih kha India lata cha Marapa official moh a vaw cha chy. Ei vaw palasa khopa cha Lakher tahpa he keimo ta eima awna moh cha leipata chyhsa hropa tawhta eima hmapa moh a vaw cha tahpa hi.  

(2)     Chho la tawhta

Mararah chho la cha Matupa nata Rakhaipa zy y ei ta hlano via daihti liata Marapa nata adyuh tyhpa pho chhao ama cha (1930s).[3] Rakhine Hill Tracts tahpa chabu liata Rakhaipa nata Khami (Matu) zy ta Marapa he “Shandu” or “Shandus”tahpata maniah ama pahno. He hawhta maniah ama tawpa chhao he chabu liata reizi ta “eima sa eima syhpa or hroto eima hneipa” vata “Shandu” tahpata moh maniah ama bie. Chahrasla Marapa ta “Shandus” tahpa moh he vaw hma  beih vei ei. Mo hropazy tawhta maniah ama awna tlao a chapa vata Shandu tahpa moh Marapa hry liata pahnona y hluh hra vei.  

(3)     Maw la tawhta

Mararah maw la cha Hekha chipho ama y. Hekha chipho he leibeizy bihneina liata thatlo kawpa cha ei ta Burma Mararah la chha hecha Hekha leibeizy biehneina ta a vaw pahni kaw. Chavata eima moh chhao he maniah ama aw n’awpa pahno leipa ei ta “Miram” maniah ama tah thla ha. Miram tahpa cha Hekha reih ta mi (chyhsapa) nata ram (rah) zy pahlyhpa a cha.  Chavata Miram tahpa cha Mara reih ta “Chysapa rah” tahna tlao a vaw cha. Tanoh taihta Hekha-thatla chipho chhaikha cha Marapa he Miram tahpata maniah ama aw lyma chy. Mararah nochhi la cha Zotung (Azaoh) chipho nata Matu chipho zy y eita he chipho sano he Hekha-thatla zy hawhta “Miram” tahpata maniah ama pahno thla hra. 

B. Mara tahpa chhopasiana chhaikhazy

            Acho liata palasapazy he mo hropazy tawhta Marapa moh maniah ama biepazy chata chahrasala keimo nata keimo ta Lakher tlyma, Shandu tlyma nata Miram tlyma tahpata a aw leipata eima y. Keimo sasy ta Marapa eima cha eima vaw tah. Chahrasala khapava ta Marapa  tahpata eima aw tahpa he tanoh taihta khohchhihkawpa chhopasiana y ma vei. Chhopasia thei awpa chhao cha hra vei. Marapa moh dei he chhopasia a rupa cha leipata khizaw liata a y chiehpa moh zydua he chhopasia aru ngasa chyu. Pakhona ta tanoh “Lai” tahpa chhopasiana cho chata liata apho apho ta a y. Ahy chhopasiana hmata ado chai tla vei. Chhopasiana rakha ta a cha chyu. Chhopasiana pha viapa ama tlua lyma hra. Chahawhta keimo Mara tahpa chhao he chhopasiana apho phota y hra ta cha chhopasianazy cha he hawhta eima saipazi heih tua aw.

(a)     Mau Ram tahpata theory

Rei hawpa hawhta Mararah he Hekha leibeizy biehneina ta varo maniah pahni ta chahawhta ama reih chhao he varo maniah a pahni haw hra. Sohna lata cha athai tuapazy he Hekha-thatla chyhsazy cha heih ei ta he sano chana heta maniah ama pahni kaw. Chavata Marapa ao-reih hmana liata Hekha-thatla reih he hlupi eima hma lyma. Hekha-thatla reih ta “Mau” tahpa cha Mara reih ta “Ramawh” tahpa chata chavata  Mararah tahpa he “Mauram” tahpa tawhta a vy tahpa apyna a cha. He he eima hnohla ko charu ko sari rachhoh liata MSA chabu liata rohpa theory sakha a cha hra.

Argument: Mararah tahpa cha “Mau ram” tahpa tawhta a vypa cha mawhsala Mau (Ramawh) cha Matu rah liata ahluh chaipa ta pahnopa a cha. Matu rah, Khami rah zydua he Mauram sai a cha thla aw. Chavata tanoh Mararah lia deita ramawh a y leipa vata he Mauram tawhta Mararah a vaw y tahpa theory he aduana hmeiseihpa cha vei.

(b)     Chho la ta a ypenawh tahpa theory

Charohtuhpa thokha ta Mara tahpa cha chho la a ypenawh tahpata ama chhopasia tyh hra. He he Mara tahpa hawhrawh nata azaona y vei. Chho la a y penawh tahpa cha Mara tahpa hawhrawh nata azaona a hnei leipa vata he hawhta chhopasiana chha he tahma Marapa pahrana duahmo mo pata reipa deita a chapata a la. Thokha reizi ta “Khakhaihpa” tahna cha “Maw la ta a ypa” tahna a cha tah ei ta chahawhta “Marapa” tahna chhao he “Chho la a ypa” tahna a cha tahpata reipa a cha. Marapa ta Lautu rah he “Khakhaihpa rah” tah tyh ta cha cha keimo tawhta Maw la chha a ypa rah la” tahna a cha. Chavata Chho la ta a ypenaw tahpa theory cha Lautupazy ta maniah ama awna tawhta chasala ahnia chai aw.

            Argument:  Marapa ta Maw la ta a ypenawh zydua he “Khakhaihpa” tahpata aw leipata Lautu rah deita chata “Khakhaihparah” tahpa he a hma. Achhapa cha Hekha-thatla chhao he Maw la chyhsa cha eita Marapa ta amo he “Khakhaihpa” tahpata aw bei vei. Chahawhta Mararah tahpa cha “Chho la ta a ypa rah” tahpa cha mawhsala “Khumi rah zy, Matu rah zy he” Mararah tahpata tahpata aw awpa ama cha aw. Chavata Marapa tahna cha chho la ta a ypa pho tahpata chhopasiana chhao he aduana pha kawpa y hra vei. 
                  

            (c) Miram tahpa theory

               Reih chanei heih aw sala, hlano via liata cha Hekha-thatla ta maniah ama pahnina he a hluh hmeiseih. Dr. Zohra reipa hawhta Marapa a vaw si laina liata Hekha-thatla chhao ta vaw si thlyu aw ei ta (Maraland.net), Hekha-thatla he chipho lai viapa ama chapa vata Marapa he reih nata beihneina liata chhao a vaw pahni kaw thlyu aw. Chavata Mara tahpa moh he Hekha-thatla reih ta miram tahpa tawhta a vypa a cha thlyu aw tahpa a pyna a vaw y. He liata pacha awpa sakha a ypa cha Hekha reih ta Mi tahpa he Mara reih ta chyhsa cha ta he chyhsa tahpa pronoun he Mara (Ngepheh) rei ta cha Ma[4] tahpa a cha. Hekha-thatla reih ta Ram tahpa cha Mara reih ta Rah cha thla hra ta chavata Hekha reih ta Miram tahpa he Mara-rah tahpa a cha thei tahna a cha.

            Argument: Hekha-thatla reih Miram tahpa tawhta Mara rah tahpa a vypa cha mawhsala Hekha-thatlah nata a vaw si khohpa Marapa he Hekha-thatlah pata pahno leipata ma Miram atah thla ha aw? Chahawnahrachata Hekha-thatlah ta Miram a tahpa vata Marapa chhao ano sasy ta Mara a tah thla hra aw ma? tahpa he pacha awpa abyu ngaita. China rah tawhta a vaw si khohpa cha ei sila su sukha tawhta Marapa he ano eih ta tahma a yna su la vaw si hawsala (1400 A.D, Rev. Pheiki: Mara Deiva, 1996?) amo ama awna tawhta Hekha-thatlah pata Mara tahpa he amo reihta Miram a tahpa cha thei hra vei ma? Chavata Miram tahpa theory hawhta apy awpa chhao aduana pha kawpa cha hra vei.

C. Mara tahpa apyna thiehpa

            Kheihawhpa daihti tawhta Marapa tahpa he eima vaw la tua tahpa a sia kawpata ropa record y vei hrasala[5] eima chheipa liata chihropazy ta Marapa tahpata maniah ama pahno haw. Cha saidei cha leipata keimo nata keimo chhao Marapa tlai eima cha eima tah haw hra.  Chahrasala cha Marapa tahpa cha khapa e yzi ahnei tahpa he tahma tai liata khochhih kawpata chhopasia thei ma mapi tah aw sala ei dona hlupi a y thlyu aw. Hmiala lia chhao ta he Mara tahpa hawhrawh he khoh chhih kawpata chhopasia thei awpa aru hra thlyu aw.

            Khizaw liata a pahrapa chyhsapa chiphozy he ama moh cho liata aduapa ta chhopasia eima chhuah khiatacha eima chhopasia chheina hlupi a y aw. Achhapa cha he moh a vaw thaona daihti liata daihti nata ziza, chyhsapa palophao (ethos and pathos) hmo sizi eima pahnopapha leipa vata a cha chai aw. Pakhona ta America cha khapa tachana maw? tah ei sila chhopasia thaipa cha vei. Myanmar he khapamaw tahpa nata alyu thlah hra. Chahawhnarachata Marapa he khapa tahna maw tah ei sila mo hluhpi palotlahna taita chhopasia thaipa cha aw hr’aw vei. Cha rohtuhpa puakheipa chhopasiana ta a cha aw.

            Eima hnohla Rev. Teitu a hronoh daihti liata a reipa sakha cha “Marapa eima vaw puana thatih he asia kawpata sakha roh haw ei sila chatawhta pachana thiehpa a hneipazy ama vaw y tita baichha via lai awpa a pha,” a tah. Cha hmo yzi hawhta tahma keimo Marapa tahpa he chyhsa hropenawh lata eima chana eima pahnosa khoh nata eima moh chhao theithai a chhipa sakha eima hnei haw hra awpata ei paphasa kaw. Acho liata palasapa Mara tahpa theory zy he maniahzy ta maniah ama pahnona nata keimo chhaota eima theina rakha chyu ta eima moh kyh pachapazina palasana a vaw cha via. Mara tahpa he “keimo sasy ta eima aw tuapa moh ma a cha?” tahpa nata, “chyhsa hropazy tawta Marapa tahpata mania ama aw tuapa ma acha?” tahpa eima pahnopasia leipa chhaota keimo cha Marapa pho eima cha tahpacha khacha apyh haw ba pita chavata he a y chiehpa moh he angia viapata chhopasia thei ei sila tahpa pachana ei hnei.

            Khizaw liata a ypa reih hluh via liata Mara tahpa hawhrawh he a phapa lata chhopasiana y tla leipata a phaleipa la viata y zi a vaw hnei khai. Chahrasala cha zydua hry liata Greek reih ta Mara tahpa cha “Tlyzaw ta a ngiapa” tahna ta a vaw cha. Chyhsa hropazy tawta Mara tahpa moh he maniah ama biepa a chapa chhaota nata manomapaw zy ta amo sasyh ama vaw awna moh a chapa chhaota Mara tahpa moh he khoh achhih kawpa moh ta a vaw cha haw. Maniah a vaw aw tuapa chyhsazy tlyma, manomapawzy tlyma he moh yzi he vaw pahnopasia leipata y thei hra ei sala, tahma keimo chha tawhta Mara tahpa cha “Tlyzaw ta A Ngiapa” tahpata apy thei ei sila chakhiahtacha eima moh eima chhopasiana maih liata theithai nao aw ta khochhieh kawpa moh chhao a cha aw.

Bie Kiamina
         He khizaw kawh kawpa lia na heta a pahrapa chi chychaipazy hry liata chipho sakha hawhta Marapa tahpata Khazohpa ta maniah a padua haw. Khazohpa ta Mara cha awpata maniah vaw rao haw ta Marapa chana tawhta chihropa moh phaothai awpa cha vei. Khizaw a y chhoh zydua liata Marapa chyhsa leilo khai hr’ei sila eima chana duahmo leikhai thei khao aw vei. Marapa chholei he lei thai hra aw vei. He Marapa chholei liata a pahrapa Marapa cha “chho la chyhsa tahna a cha” tahpa tlyma, ramawh rah liata a pahrapa tahpa tlyma, chyhsapa rah liata a pahrapa tahna tlyma zy ta chhopasiana he eima moh chhopasiana hmeiseihpa cha leipata pahrana rah moh papata chhopasiana deita a cha. Abeipa Zisu hnohta pachupazy ta “Hrosopa pakha kha ama chata” tahpa deita ei palyu sa. Mara tahpata a vaw biepa heta Marapa tahna cha “Zozaw ta khohchhiepa or a ngiapa” tahpa he vaw pahno haw thlyu aw ta cha moh tlai cha maniah a biepa a cha aw. Chavata Marapa tahpa cha “Zozaw ta Khohchhiepa” eima tah lyma ba aw.

 Ahawna:  Mara cha hawhrawh chhaihkha aluh cho liata eima pakhupa kha computer liata roh aru ngasapa vata vaw kho thei vana. A  pacha naw thai thla bei muh vei.