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BULGARIAN LANGUAGE

FACTS & FIGURES: The Bulgarian language, official language of the Balkan country of Bulgaria, is spoken by more than 9.3 million people around the world: 7.8 million in Bulgaria itself, an additional 1.5 million in the Ukraine, Moldova, Turkey, Serbia and Macedonia, as well as by Bulgarian immigrants elsewhere around the world: mostly in Canada, the United States, Canada, Germany, Austria, France, Italy and Greece. It is part of the Slavic branch of languages and as such, is closely related to the other Slavic languages. Together with Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian and Slovenian, it forms the South Slavic group of the Slavic language. Like Serbian and Russian, Bulgarian uses the Cyrillic alphabet. In Bulgaria itself it is spoken and understood by virtually the entire population. Some 15% of the Bulgarian population (minority groups like Turks, Gypsies and Armenians) are considered to be essentially bilingual.

IMPORTANT FEATURES: Bulgarian belongs to the Slavic branch of the Indo-European languages and has played an important part in their historical development. Old Bulgarian, also called Old Church Slavonic, has helped propel the Slavic languages literarily. It was considered one of the three major literary languages of Europe during the Middle Ages. When the scholarly brothers Cyril and Methodius devised the first Slavic alphabet in the 9th century, it was first adapted into Bulgarian. Bulgarian has already at an earlier stage lost its case endings. Modern-day Bulgarian has no case forms, unlike its sister languages (Serbian, Russian, Polish, etc.). Another grammatical feature that makes it unique among the Slavic languages is that it has a definite article that comes after the noun (as in the Scandinavian languages). For example: prevod (university) becomes universiteta (the university), kniga (book) becomes knigata (the book). In Cyrillic: университет – университета; книга – книгата.

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