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How does rust work?

Rust is the common name for a very common compound, iron oxide. Iron oxide, the chemical Fe2O3, is common because iron combines very readily with oxygen -- so readily, in fact, that pure iron is only rarely found in nature. Iron (or steel) rusting is an example of corrosion -- an electrochemical process involving an anode (a piece of metal that readily gives up electrons), an electrolyte (a liquid that helps electrons move) and a cathode (a piece of metal that readily accepts electrons). When a piece of metal corrodes, the electrolyte helps provide oxygen to the anode. As oxygen combines with the metal, electrons are liberated. When they flow through the electrolyte to the cathode, the metal of the anode disappears, swept away by the electrical flow or converted into metal cations in a form such as rust.

For iron to become iron oxide, three things are required: iron, water and oxygen. Here's what happens when the three get together:

When a drop of water hits an iron object, two things begin to happen almost immediately. First, the water, a good electrolyte, combines with carbon dioxide in the air to form a weak carbonic acid, an even better electrolyte. As the acid is formed and the iron dissolved, some of the water will begin to break down into its component pieces -- hydrogen and oxygen. The free oxygen and dissolved iron bond into iron oxide, in the process freeing electrons. The electrons liberated from the anode portion of the iron flow to the cathode, which may be a piece of a metal less electrically reactive than iron, or another point on the piece of iron itself.

The chemical compounds found in liquids like acid rain, seawater and the salt-loaded spray from snow-belt roads make them better electrolytes than pure water, allowing their presence to speed the process of rusting on iron and other forms of corrosion on other metals.



Corrosion

The term corrosion means oxidation of a substance with oxygen. Most water pipes are metal pipes and corrosion occurs in all such pipes if appropriate measures are not taken. In industry, above all in the case of process water, corresponding conditioning systems and materials are used to avoid corrosion. In most cases however, corrosion is a very widespread problem. There are very many reasons for such corrosion but listing them all at this point would exceed the bounds of this document and so we shall list only the two most widespread types: corrosion owing to stagnant water and corrosion owing to unsaturated, aggressive water. In both cases, the water or the oxygen dissolved in the water attacks the metals of which the pipes or machines are made. This results in rust or copper oxide etc. after a certain time. The incipient corrosion roughens the surfaces which speeds up the entire process even more. Iron or copper can then be detected first in the water and, over the course of time, corrosion may clog up the pipes to such an extent that leakage ultimately occurs and the pipes need to be replaced.






Welcome to Merus

Merus has developed a new technology to treat water. This technology is worldwide successfully used to fight corrosion, scale and microbiological problems in water bearing systems. 

The range of applications reaches from pipe systems in small family homes, up to pipe line systems in refineries or heavy industry plants. 

Several applications with flow rates of several 100m³ per hour and temperatures above 100°C have been successfully realized. 

Short after the installation in can be seen, that huge amounts of rust or iron is solved from the metallic surfaces and either flushed out in open systems or how the dissolved iron concentration in a closed system is increasing. By measuring the iron content of the water you do have a very clear indication of the work Merus is performing inside your machines or piping.

The advantages for the customers are obvious
- no brown water out of tap points
- no or far less need of chemicals for operating  water systems
- the saturated iron oxide which is forming on metallic surfaces doesn't  allow new corrosion to spread. 
- the resulting savings are enormous. The life cycles of pipes and machines is increasing. Replacing of pipe lines is either   postponed or not needed at all. 


Solutions for Rust,Limescale & Microbiological Problems


simple
fast 
reliable
low priced

The device (1) is installed around the water pipe (2) of the house. Micro-fine oscillations influence the water in such a manner that more limescale is dissolved. The existing rust is broken down and flushed out. Due to the altered properties of the water no new corrosion builds up. The result: The piping system regains its original inner diameter. Loss of pressure and repair work are minimized.






Lime is found in almost all water in its dissolved form. Depending on hardness and temperature of the water it precipitates and deposits in pipes, machines and on surface areas. Over time these deposits build up more and more, resulting in clogged pipes, malfunctions of machines. Alone thin lime scale crusts, reduce  the energy transfer in heat exchangers substantial.
 
Under normal conditions Merus modifies the lime in a way that makes it remain dissolved in the water up to very high temperatures. Thus the lime is not removed from the water, but only the properties of the lime are altered to the effect that it remains dissolved in water better.

Rust, chemically speaking Fe2O3, is a chemical compound made up of iron(III) and oxygen. As iron pipings are and were used in industry and also often in homes, brownish discolorations of water and pressure losses occur frequently. Sometimes rust progresses to an extent where pipes become leaky and have to be exchanged.

Under normal conditions Merus is capable of transforming iron(III) into iron(II). Rust particles are dissolved and flushed out until a protective coating of black iron oxide forms on the iron. In practice this often shows when the brownish discoloration increases at first and then recedes completely more or less quickly depending on flow rates and the amount of rust existing in the first place.

Merus works with energy indirectly provided by the warmth of its environment. The active oscillations of Merus are subject to certain interferences caused by environmental influences like for example electromagnetic pollution with substantial power. Depending on their intensity these influences are capable of reducing or even erasing the impact of Merus on water. Hence Merus devices have to be installed with a clearance of at least 50 cm to any electric conductor.

It has been detected that sometimes interferences from within, thus caused by the water or the water pipe itself, affect the device. These cannot be detected without very elaborate measurings, so it is necessary to conduct a test. If there is little or no success, often mounting the device in another place will help. If necessary, tests may also be conducted on the premises.
For these reasons, you may test Merus free of charge*.

During this test period  you are able to convince yourself about the function.  If you are not satisfied, simply return the unit to us. The effectiveness of the unit in the water is guaranteed by Merus for a period of five years. 

You might check the function through:


Differential pressure (heat exchanger)
Volume in heat exchangers >>
Energy consumption
Content of Ca in closed circuits >>
Total dissolved solids >>
Visual inspection >>  
Others depending on kind of application




For smaller accomodation units, with a maximum water consumption up to 12m3/day,  the MERUS MKR 500 is sufficient in the majority of cases.
Devices of this size and strength cost ex works. 560.- EUR.

For larger devices, particularly for industrial applications, please contact us directly with a description of your application.

Units up to 12-inch are available on stock.


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