Reactive Dyes Reactive Cold Brand Dyes

. They are primarily of interest in dyeing at normal room temperature (about 25º - 30º Deg. C) using Soda Ash or Sodium Bicarbonate. PARSHWACTIVE M BRAND dyes are applicable to cellulosic textiles by Batch-wise, Semi-continuous and Continuous methods in conventional textile machinery like open-vat, Package, Jet, Jig, Winch and padding mangle. The versatility in various application procedures and the availability of wide range of bright and fast shades are the outstanding features of this class of dyestuffs.

General Characteristics Of 'M' Brand Dyes

Stability

The dyestuff should be stored in cool and dry conditions. The containers should be tightly closed when not in use. High temperature, Humidity and alkaline pH conditions reduce the stability of the dyes in solution.

Water supply

Soft of the softened water should be employed, avoiding alkalinity especially while dissolving the dyes, when hard along is available, it should be softened with sequestering agents. In dyeing, the pH of the water supply should be within the limits pH -7-8.

Method Dyeing

Receive cold water in the dye bath (Recommended m/l ratio 1 to 15), add required quantity of common salt or gluber salt. Paste required dyes with the water and dissolve by adding water 30º C to same. Add dissolved dye to the dye bath. Enter material, run 15 to 20 minutes. Add required amount of soda ash (as solution), run material for 45 to 60 minutes, squeeze, wash with water and soap at boil with 2g/L soap, wash with water and dry. Soaping treatment is highly essential to remove unfixed dye to produce dyeings of high washing fastness.

Standard Exhaust Methods for Cold Brand Reactive Dyes 

Salt & Alkali Requirement for Cold Brand Reactive Dyes

Depth of Shade % Salt g/l (Dye Liquor) Soda Ash g/l (Dye Liquor) Up to 0.5 30 3 0.5 to 2.0 40 4 2.0 to 4.0 50 7 Above 4.0 60 10

Reactive Cold Brand Dyes FASTNESS PROPERTIES     Light Washing Perspiration Hypochlorite Dischargeability Red M5B Red - 2   4-5 4-5 3-4 1 P Red M8B Red - 11   4-5 4-5 2 4 P Magenta MB Voilet - 13   4-5 5 4-5 1 F Orange M2R Orange - 4   5 5 4 4 P Orange M2RJ     3-4 4 4 4-5 P Gol. Yellow MR Yellow - 44   5 4-5 4 1 P Yellow MR EX H/C Yellow - 44   5 4-5 4 1 P Yellow M3R Yellow - 36   6 5 4 2 G Yellow M4R Orange - 14   5 4-5 4 1 P Yellow M8G Yellow - 86   6 4-5 4-5 1 G Yellow M4G Yellow - 22   6 4 5 1 G Yellow MGR Yellow - 7   6 5 4-5 4-5 P Violet C4R Violet - 12   4 3 4 1 P Violet C2R Violet - 14   3-4 3 4 1 P Blue MR Blue - 4   6 5 5 2 P

Reactive Dyes Vinyl Sulphone Base Dyes

 'VS' Brand Dyes (Bi-Sulfatoethyl Sulfone Class)

'VS' BRAND DYES are Reactive Dyes possessing Vinyl sulphone as the reactive group. In presence of alkali, these dyes chemically react with the hydroxyl group of cellulose and form firm, convalent linkages. These dyes are versatile enough to suit different dyeing methods. Results are excellent and shades come clean and brilliant with no variation in dyeing as well as in printing.

'VS' dyestuffs posses poor affinity for cellulosic fibers in absence of salt and alkalis. For this reasons, they are suitable for use on pad. Their substantivity can be increased by addition of giauber's salt or common salt and alkali, making the dyestuff suitable on all conventional dyeing machine for loose material, yarn in hanks and packages and piece goods. The dyeing methods may therefore, be classified under the padding and exhaust processes, standing baths are not recommended, as in alkaline medium inactivation of the dyestuffs by reaction with water takes place as a side reaction.

Method Dyeing

Take requisite quantity of dyes and salt in the Dye bath at 30º C and Alkalis are added after 15-20 Minutes. The bath is then heated to recommended dyeing temperature within 20-30 minutes And Goods are dyed for 60-90 minutes, depending upon the dyeing temperature. Then wash properly the material.

Standard Exhaust Methods for VS Based Reactive Dyes 

Salt & Alkali Requirement for VS Based Reactive Dyes

Depth of Shade % Salt g/l Caustic Soda 72 g/l Soda Ash g/l 2 50 1 5 4 80 - 5-10

Vinyl Sulphone Base Dyes FASTNESS PROPERTIES     Light Washing Perspiration Hypochlorite Dischargeability Red 4B Red - 24   6 3-4 5 1 G Red 5B Red - 35   6 3-4 5 1 G Red C2G Red - 106   4 4-5 5 1 G Red RB Red - 198   5-6 4-5 4 1 F Orange 3R Orange - 16   5-6 5 5 1 G Orange 2R Orange - 7   4-5 4-5 5 1-2 G G. Yellow R Yellow - 20   5 4-5 5 1 G Yellow FG Yellow 42   5 5 5 1 G Yellow GR Yellow -15   6 5 5 1 G Yellow RTN Yellow - 24   6-7 4 4 2 F Yellow RNL Yellow - 107   5 4-5 4-5 1 G Yellow R Yellow - 77   4-5 5 5 1 G

Vinyl Sulphone Base Dyes FASTNESS PROPERTIES     Light Washing Perspiration Hypochlorite Dischargeability Yellow GL Yellow - 37   6-7 4-5 5 1 G Black B Black -5   5 4-5 5 1 G Black RL Black - 31   7 4-5 5 3-4 F Voilet 5R Voilet - 5   6-7 4 3-4 5 P Tur. Blue G.(133% & 160%)Blue-21   6 4-5 5 3-4 P Tur. Blue H2GP     6 4 5 3-4 P Blue 3R Blue - 28   7 4 5 3-4 G Blue R Blue - 19   6-7 4-5 4-5 3-4 F Blue RGB Blue - 250   4-5 3-4 4 1 G Blue BB Blue - 220   6-7 4 5 1 G Dark Blue HR Blue - 89   5-6 3-4 5 1 F Navy Blue GG Blue - 203   4-5 3-4 5 1 F Navy Blue GG Blue - 203A   - - - - - Brown GR Brown - 18   6 4-5 4 1 G Black N 150 / N 200   5 4-5 5 1 G

Reactive Dyes Reactive Hot Brand Dyes

 H Brand Dyes (Monochlorotriazine)

 H BRAND DYES are monochlorotriazine reactive dyes having a low reactivity and low substantivity. Since these dyes have low reactivity, they requires more severe conditions for fixation with cellulosic materials. They are readily soluble by pouring water of 80º-85º C on powder & stirring well. They are applicable on cellulosic materials by both dyeing as well as printing methods.

In comparison with cold brand dyes, the 'H' brand dyes requires either a long steaming time or a high thermofixation temperature (with urea) for optimum fixation. H dyes of low to medium substantivity may lead to migration problem in dyeing prior to fixation.

When low concentration of highly substantive dyes are used, trailing becomes evident. trailing is avoided by selecting dyes of low or medium substantivity, using small padding troughs fed to constant level and operating at the highest running speed commensurate with the needs of the rest of the process.

These dyes contains very good fastness properties and suitable for printing cotton, viscose, cuprammonium rayons and natural silk.

Method Of Dyeing

Take requisite quantity of water in dye bath (Recommended m/1 ratio 1 to 15), heat to 40º C, add common salt or glauber salt, soda ash and 1g/1 of resist. please requisite dyes with the water and dissolve by adding water at 80º C. Add dissolved dye to the dye bath. Enter material. Run at 40º C for 15 minutes. Raise temp, slowly to 80º C for 45 to 60 minutes, squeeze, wash with water and soap at boil with 2g/l soap, wash with water and dry. Soaping treatment is highly essentional to remove unfixed dye to produce dyeings of high washing fastness.

Standard Exhaust Methods for Hot Brand Reactive Dyes 

Salt & Alkali Requirement for Hot Brand Reactive Dyes

Depth of Shade % Salt g/l (Dye Liquor) Soda Ash g/l (Dye Liquor) Up to 0.5 40 20 0.5 to 2.0 60 20 2.0 to 4.0 80 20 Above 4.0 100 20

Reactive Hot brand Dyes FASTNESS PROPERTIES Light Washing Perspiration Hypochlorite Dischargeability Yellow H7GL Yellow - 57   6 5 5 2 G Yellow H4G Yellow - 18   6 5 5 1 G Gol. Yellow HR Yellow - 12   6 5 5 3 F Orange H2R Orange - 13   4 5 4 4 P Red H8B Red - 31   4 4 4 3 P Red 6BX Red - 76   4 4 5 2 P Red Brown H4R Brown - 9   4 5 4 5 P Magenta HB Violet - 13   4 4 4 1 F Purple H3R Violate - 1   6 4 5 4 P Black HN Black - 8   5 4 5 4 P Blue H5R Blue - 13   5 5 5 1 P Blue H2R     4 4 4 2 P Blue H3RP Blue - 49   4 5 4 2 P Tur. Blue H5G Blue - 25   5-6 4-5 3 3-4 P Navy Blue RX Blue - 59   3 3-4 4-5 1 P

'HE' DYES

HE Dyes are  reactive dyes for celluosic materails and are designed to give high fixation by exhaust dyeing method when applied in the temperature range of 75⁰C - 95⁰C

Salient features Of HE Dyes:-

1). Excellent compatibility.
2). Good built up even in low liquor ratio dyeing.
3). Excellent Reproducibility.
4). Wide applicability.
5). Outstanding built up and consistency

'HE' DYES              1% 4%		Solubility at 60o  C	Subs taintivity	Exhaust Dyeing oC	Fastness to					Dischargeability
					Light	Washing		Perspiration	Hypoclorite
						Effect	Stain
	Yellow HE6G * Yellow 135	100	H	80	5	4-5	5	4-5	4	Poor
	Yellow HE4G * Yellow 81	100	H	80	5	4-5	5	4-5	4	Moderate
	Yellow HE4R * Yellow 84	100	H	80	5-6	4-5	4-5	4-5	3-4	Fair
	GoldenYellowHER * Yellow 84	100	H	80	5-6	4-5	4-5	4	2	Fair
	Orange HER * Orange 84	100	H	80	4-5	4-5	4	4-5	4	Poor
	Orange HE2R * Orange	100	H	80	3-4	4	4-5	4	4	Poor
	Red HE3B * Red 120	100	H	80	5	4-5	4-5	4-5	3	Poor
	Red HE7B * Red 141	150	H	80	4-5	4-5	4	5	4	Poor
	Red HE8B * Red 152	100	H	80	4	4-5	4-5	4-5	5	Poor
	Green HE4BD * Green 19	100	H	80	4	4-5	4-5	4-5	1	Poor
	Green HE4B * Green 19A	100	H	80	4	4-5	4-5	4-5	1	Poor
	Navy Blue HER * Blue 81	100	H	80	4-5	4-5	4-5	4	3	Good
	Blue HERD * Blue 160	100	H	80	5-6	4-5	4-5	4-5	4	Poor
	Navy Blue HE2R * Blue	120	H	80	4-5	4-5	4-5	4-5	5	Good
	Blue HEGN *  Blue 198	100		80	5	4-5	4-5	4-5	1	Moderate
	Black HEBL *  Black	50	H	80	4	4-5	4-5	4	3	Good

'ME' BRAND NOT SHOWN HERE

Reactive dyestuffs for ground color in discharge printing

Q:

I have heard that vinyl sulfone-based dyestuffs are suitable for use as reactive dyestuff for ground color in discharge printing. Why is this so?

A:

Discharge printing with reducing agents is a method that uses a reducing agent to decompose and decolor dyestuffs with azo groups as shown in the following diagram. The original color of the azo-based dyestuff disappears due to the decomposition of the azo group of the chromophore brought about by the reducing agent in discharge printing. The amine component that is produced after decomposition (the groups remaining from the decomposed chromophore) cause a yellow to orange coloration. If amines remain bound to the fiber, white discharge printing is not possible, making such dyestuffs unsuitable for ground dyeing. It is in this way that a dyestuff's suitability in printing is influenced by chemical structure. In white discharge printing, the level of whiteness produced and color changes over time are influenced by the molecular structure of the components combined with reactive groups that remain on the surface of the fabric. For example, the structure of red reactive dyestuffs and the possibility of white discharge printing are outlined below. In the following example with a monochloro triazine-based dyestuff, since the amine remaining after reduction decomposition is a colored amine with a high molecular weight containing naphthalene, the cloth will retain an orange coloring. Thus this dyestuff is unsuitable for use in ground dyeing in discharge printing. *White discharge printing not possible In the following example with a monochlorotriazine-based dyestuff, after reduction decomposition the remaining amine is a colored amine with relatively low molecular weight. Since the degree of coloring is low, it can be used for pale shades in ground dyeing in discharge printing, but is not suitable for use with medium and dark shades.   * White discharge printing possible with pale shades In the following example with a vinyl sulfone-based dyestuff, since, the amine remaining after reduction decomposition is a colorless amine with a low molecular weight, this dyestuff is suitable for ground dyeing in discharge printing.   * White discharge printing possible even with dark shade Although the suitability of reactive dyestuffs for discharge printing is not related to the original reactive group, since triazine-based and pyrimidine-based reactive dyestuffs are often used with the reactive group introduced into the coupling component, colored amines with high molecular weight remain on the fibers after discharge printing with the result that many of these types of dyestuff are unsuitable for ground dyeing in discharge printing. In vinyl sulfone-based azo dyestuffs, however, the reactive group is introduced directly to a benzene-based amine of low molecular weight and is used as a diazo component. Thus even when a component that retains coloring is used as the coupling component, the component remaining on the fibers after discharge printing has a low molecular weight and practically no coloring. As a result, many of these dyestuffs are suitable for use in ground dyeing in discharge printing. As can be seen here, a dyestuff's suitability for discharge printing is related to its chemical structure. However since commercial dyestuffs are industrially produced, they may contain isomers or shading components, the result being that dyestuffs with the same color index number may produce different results in discharge printing. When selecting dyestuffs for ground dyeing in discharge printing, please refer to the reference material supplied by each manufacturer.

The best dyes, by far, to use for cotton and other cellulose fibers are the fiber reactive dyes.

What is Fiber Reactive Dye?

Fiber reactive dye is the most permanent of all dye types. Unlike other dyes, it actually forms a covalent bond with the cellulose or protein molecule. Once the bond is formed, what you have is one molecule, as the dye molecule has become an actual part of the cellulose fiber molecule. No wonder you can safely wash a garment that has been dyed in bright fiber reactive colors with white clothing, a hundred times, without endangering the whites in the least - even if it is all different bright colors, or even solid black!

How to Use Fiber Reactive Dye

Cool water fiber reactive dyes can be used with the recipe given on the How to Dye on main page.

They work especially well on cotton, rayon, and silk, and also work well on linen, lyocell (Tencel), hemp, and any other cellulose fiber.